31. Humans have __________ different types of autosomes.
(A)11
(B) 22
(C) 33
(D)44
(E)46

27. Where would one expect to find the most abundant/active telomerase? (A)Male germ cells that give rise to gametes. (B) A nerve cell from a 2-year-old individual. (C) A nerve cell from a 40-year-old individual. (D)Skin cells from a 2-year-old individual. (E)Skin cells from a 60-year-old individual.

28. ______ is a type of physical mutagens could induce thymine dimer mutations. (A)Gamma rays (B) X-rays (C) Microwave (D)Ultraviolet light (E)Ionizing radiation

29. Which one of the following is the cancer of epithelial cells? (A)Sarcoma. (B) Myeloma. (C) Leukemia. (D)Lymphoma. (E)Carcinoma.

30. When cancer cells can migrate to other parts of the body, they are always said to be____. (A)benign (B) invasive (C) metastatic (D)oncogenic (E)genetic

32. Meiosis I produces ________, and meiosis II produces _______ cells. (A)2 diploid, 2 haploid (B) 2 haploid, 2 haploid (C) 2 diploid, 4 haploid (D)2 haploid, 4 haploid (E)2 somatic, 2 gametic

33. Sister chromatids separate during _________. (A)metaphase of meiosis I (B) metaphase of meiosis II (C) prophase of meiosis I (D)prometaphase of meiosis I (E)anaphase of meiosis II

34. What enzyme does the lacZ gene encode? (A)DNase. (B) Carbonic anhydrase. (C) β-galactosidase. (D)Glucose dehydrogenase. (E)Succinate dehydrogenase.

35. Which one of the following is the best statement about genomic library and cDNA library? (A)A cDNA library is derived from mRNA by using reverse transcriptase. (B) A genomic library is derived from mRNA by using reverse transcriptase. (C) The number of DNA fragment in genomic library is the same to cDNA library. (D)One DNA sequence can generate one cDNA. (E)Most of DNA sequences from cDNA library are longer than that from genomic library.

36. The Hardy-Weinberg equation stats that p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1; the genotype frequency of heterozygotes is represented by _____. (A)q 2 (B) p 2 (C) 2pq (D)2pq+ p 2 (E)p 2 +q2

37. Animals that lack a vertebral column are known as________. (A)invertebrates (B) inarticulates (C) supinates (D)aspinates (E)retrogrades