31. What is this passage mainly about?
(A) The lethal diseases of humans and animals.
(B) The symptoms of zoonotic diseases.
(C) The medicine for curing zoonotic diseases.
(D) The rise in the spread of viruses from animals to humans.

(A)只有提到人畜共同傳染病的致命性，而非提到致命病毒
(B)只提到傳染途徑和影響範圍，沒提到症狀
(C)沒提到藥

"Zoonosis"（中文為「縱樣傳染病」）是一個醫學術語，用於描述可以從動物傳染給人類的疾病。這些疾病可以通過直接接觸、經由昆蟲媒介或食物來源等途徑傳播給人類。

有許多動物疾病可以被歸類為縱樣傳染病，例如：

• 狂犬病（Rabies）：由受感染的動物（通常是狗）傳播給人類的傳染病。
• 流感（Influenza）：某些類型的流感病毒可以在人類和動物之間相互傳播。
• 伊波拉病毒感染（Ebola Virus Disease）：原初感染源通常是野生動物，但可以通過接觸受感染的動物或其體液而傳播給人類。

縱樣傳染病的防控非常重要，因為它們可以對公共衛生和動物健康產生嚴重的影響。預防措施包括加強衛生條件、適當的疫苗接種、良好的動物監測和控制措施，以及教育和宣傳措施來提高人們對縱樣傳染病的認識。

1. Infectious disease(傳染病) is all around us. Disease-causing agents(致病因子), such as viruses, usually have specific targets(特定目標).
2. Some viruses only affect humans. Other viruses live in or affect only animals.
3. Problems start when animal viruses are able to infect people as well, a process known as zoonosis(人畜共同傳染病).
4. When an animal virus passes to a human, the result can usually be deadly.
5. In the last three decades, more than 30 zoonotic diseases have emerged around the globe.
6. HIV is an example; it evolved(進化) from a virus originally carried by African monkeys, and later chimps(黑猩猩).
7. Today, conservative estimates(保守估計) suggest that HIV (愛滋病毒)has infected about 40 million people.
8. For instance, SARS, a type of flu which jumped from chickens to humans, is another type of zoonotic disease.
9. But how do these viruses pass from animals to humans? Contact is crucial.