34. Which of the following is the best description about CRISPR?
(A) CRISPR is directed to its target gene by a guide DNA molecule.
(B) CRISPR contains nuclease to destroy target RNA.
(C) CRISPR is not acquired but is preexisted in bacteria.
(D) CRISPR can be applied to knockout target gene.
(E) All of the above are correct.

30. The following statements about DNA replication is E. coli are correct except: (A) Both leading strand and lagging strand require primer. (B) DNA polymerase adds a new nucleotide to the free 3’OH of the existing nucleic acid. (C) The principal replication enzyme is DNA polymerase I. (D) It also has a 3’5’ exonuclease activity. (E) It is a processive enzyme.

31. Based on the biological species concept, reproductive isolation is a key factor of speciation. Which of the following is NOT a “prezygotic reproductive barrier”? (A) Habitat isolation (B) Mechanical isolation (C) Hybrid breakdown (D) Behavioral isolation (E) Temporal isolation

32. The virus causes COVID-19 disease. This virus is ________. (A) double-strand DNA virus (B) single-strand RNA virus (C) single-strand DNA virus (D) similar to λ phage (E) naked RNA virus

33. Which of the following creatures will be the best outgroup if you are reconstructing a phylogenetic tree of cats using cladistics? (A) domestic cats (B) leopards (C) lions (D) tigers (E) wolves

35. Which of the following does NOT match with its function? (A) Chlorophyll a: Component of P700 reaction center (B) ATP synthase: Chemiosmotic phosphorylation (C) Cyclic electron transport: Electron flow from water to NADPH (D) RuBP: Conjugates carbon dioxide (E) Carotenoids: Absorption of excess light

36. Which of the following is TRUE? (A) The contents of the phloem are under pressure, and the contents of the xylem are under tension. (B) Sieve tube members are dead cells. (C) Vessel element protoplasm is unique because the vacuolar membrane disintegrates, allowing vacuolar water to mix with the cytosol. (D) Phloem sap movement is driven by the atmospheric water potential. (E) Phloem sap moves only short distances, whereas xylem sap moves long distances.

37. If a normal body cell of a plant contains 5 picograms (pg) of DNA, then that cell at the end of prophase of mitosis contains ________. (A) 2.5 picograms (B) 5 picograms (C) 10 picograms (D) 15 picograms (E) 20 picograms

38. In a smooth blood vessel, what is the relationship between blood pressure and the velocity of blood flow? (A) When blood pressure is low, velocity is high. (B) When blood pressure is low, velocity is low. (C) When blood pressure is high, velocity is low. (D) Velocity is always constant while blood pressure varies. (E) Blood pressure is always constant while velocity varies.

39. Which of the following statements is FALSE about the comparisons of Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria? (A) Gram-positive bacteria have thicker peptidoglycan in their cell wall. (B) Gram-positive bacteria show less resistant to antibiotics. (C) Gram-negative bacteria contain endotoxin whereas Gram-positive bacteria not. (D) Gram-positive bacteria consist of abundant lipopolysaccharides within cell wall. (E) All of the above

40. The inner mitochondrial membranes in liver cells have roughly five times the surface area of the outer mitochondrial membranes, allowing for faster rates of which process below? (A) glycolysis (B) citric acid cycle (C) substrate-based phosphorylation (D) oxidative phosphorylation (E) β-oxidation