40. The inner mitochondrial membranes in liver cells have roughly five times the surface area of the outer mitochondrial membranes, allowing for faster rates of which process below?
(A) glycolysis
(B) citric acid cycle
(C) substrate-based phosphorylation
(D) oxidative phosphorylation
(E) β-oxidation

36. Which of the following is TRUE? (A) The contents of the phloem are under pressure, and the contents of the xylem are under tension. (B) Sieve tube members are dead cells. (C) Vessel element protoplasm is unique because the vacuolar membrane disintegrates, allowing vacuolar water to mix with the cytosol. (D) Phloem sap movement is driven by the atmospheric water potential. (E) Phloem sap moves only short distances, whereas xylem sap moves long distances.

37. If a normal body cell of a plant contains 5 picograms (pg) of DNA, then that cell at the end of prophase of mitosis contains ________. (A) 2.5 picograms (B) 5 picograms (C) 10 picograms (D) 15 picograms (E) 20 picograms

38. In a smooth blood vessel, what is the relationship between blood pressure and the velocity of blood flow? (A) When blood pressure is low, velocity is high. (B) When blood pressure is low, velocity is low. (C) When blood pressure is high, velocity is low. (D) Velocity is always constant while blood pressure varies. (E) Blood pressure is always constant while velocity varies.

39. Which of the following statements is FALSE about the comparisons of Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria? (A) Gram-positive bacteria have thicker peptidoglycan in their cell wall. (B) Gram-positive bacteria show less resistant to antibiotics. (C) Gram-negative bacteria contain endotoxin whereas Gram-positive bacteria not. (D) Gram-positive bacteria consist of abundant lipopolysaccharides within cell wall. (E) All of the above

41. What is/are the functions of 5’ cap in the eukaryotic mRNA? (A) facilitate the export of mRNA from nucleus (B) prevent from hydrolytic enzyme digestion (C) mediate the ribosome attachment to mRNA (D) B+C (E) A+B+C

42. Which step of a basidiomycete’s life cycle would be interrupted if an enzyme that blocked hyphae fusion was introduced? (A) germination (B) fertilization (C) plasmogamy (D) karyogamy (E) meiosis

43. Which statement describing the blood flow through the circulation of healthy human cardiovascular system is TRUE? (A) Left ventricle → Left atrium → Pulmonary vein → Capillaries of lungs (B) Right atrium → Right ventricle → Left ventricle → Left atrium (C) Capillaries of abdominal regions and legs → Aorta → Left atrium → Left ventricle (D) Capillaries of head and arms → Superior vena cava → Right atrium → Right ventricle (E) Inferior vena cava → Right ventricle → Right atrium →Pulmonary artery

44. Which kind of neurotransmitters does NOT belong to biogenic amines? (A) Acetylcholine (B) Dopamine (C) Epinephrine (D) Norepinephrine (E) Serotonin

45. Which of following does NOT belong to “Innate immunity”? (A) Mucus membranes (B) Skin (C) Nostril hairs (D) Natural killer cells (E) Lymphocytes

46. Which kind of hormone (or neurotransmitter) is involved in regulation of circadian rhythm in human? (A) Melanin (B) Oxytocin (C) Melatonin (D) Acetylcholine (E) Dopamine