37 什麼樣的行為會與特定特質有關，以及某些特質通常會一起出現；這類的信念可以用來預期人們的行為。 這類的信念與下列那項名詞的定義符合？
(A)基本歸因謬誤（fundamental attribution error）
(B)自我建構（self construct）
(C)自我基模（self-schema）
(D)內隱人格理論（implicit theories of personality）

出處：
Bernstein, D., Penner, L. A., Clarke-Stewart, A., & Roy, E. (2012).
Psychology: Cengage Learning.(這版應該是書單列的前一版本)
第17章 社會認知  p704.
-----------
這題要考的是個體透過內隱理論形成對自己或他人行為的假設，

來解讀自己與他們的行為，進一步做到預測與控制(與自己和他人相處之方式)，

簡單來說就4不只看面相/手相，還看心相...知人知面也知心，內隱理論就是我們形成

對人假設的基礎或依據。

----------------------------

原文：

So far, we have considered how people form impressions about the characteristics 

of other people. But our perceptions of others include another key element:

explanations of their behavior. People tend to form implicit theories about why people 

(including themselves) behave as they do and about what behavior to expect in the 

future. Psychologists use the term attribution to describe the process we go through 

to explain the causes of behavior (including our own).

Suppose that a classmate fails to return some borrowed notes on time. You could 

attribute this behavior to many causes, from an unavoidable emergency to simple

selfishness. Which of these alternatives you choose is important because it will help you 

understand your classmate's behavior, predict what will happen if this person asks 

to borrow something in the future, and decide how to control the situation should it 

arise again. Similarly, your decision to stick with a troubled relationship or end it may 

be influenced by whether you attribute your partner’s recent indifference to stressful 

circumstances or a loss of love.

-----------------------------------
上述螢光黃區域對應「科學」的目的在於解釋、預測與控制。