4. Which vascular tissue is responsible for the bidirectional transport of organic nutrients, especially sugars, in plants?
(A) Epidermis
(B) Xylem
(C) Phloem
(D) Cambium

20. 依法行事本來只是達成目標的手段，但久而久之，可能由手段變為目的，形成目的置換。 上述的情形稱為？ (A) 形式主義 (B) 帕金森定律 (C) 彼得原理 (D) 寡頭鐵律

1. Which type of growth is responsible for the increase in the length of stems and roots in plants? (A) Secondary growth (B) Tertiary growth (C) Primary/Apical growth(D) Lateral growth

2. What is the primary function of the vascular cambium in plants undergoing secondary growth? (A) Producing secondary xylem towards the inside (B) Producing secondary phioem towards the inside (C) Increasing the length of stems and roots (D) Developing the epidermis in young plant tissues

3. What is the primary driving force for the upward transport of water and minerals in xylem vessels? (A) Transpiration pull (B) Osmosis (C) Pressure flow (D) Capilltary action

5. Which statement correctly distinguishes between active and passive transport in plant cells? (A) Active transport does not require energy and moves substances from higher to lower concentration areas, while passive transport requires energy and moves substances against their concentration gradient. (B)Active transport requires energy and moves substances against their concentration gradient, while passive require energy and moves substances from higher to lower concentration areas.(C)active and passive transport require enegy, but active transport moves substances from areas o concentration, while passive transport moves substances from regions of higher to lower concentration. (D)Active and passive transport are identicat processes, with the only difference being the types of substa

6. What distinguishes channels from pumps in the context of membrane transport in plant cells? (A) Channels facilitate passive transport and move substances against their concentration gradient, while pumps are involved in active transport and move substances from higher to lower concentration areas. (B)Channels are involved in active transport and move substances from areas of lower to higher concentra facilitate passive transport and move substances from regions of higher to lower concentration. (C) Channels and pumps perform identical functions, and the terms can be used interchangeably in membrane transport. (D) Channels are passive transport proteins that allow substances to move down their concentration gradient, while pumps are active transport proteins that move substances against their concentration gradient.

7.What is the primary role of an H'/sucrose symporter in plant cells? (A) Facilitating the movement of water across the cell membrane (B) Assisting in the transport of sucrose across the cell membrane (C) Pumping protons out of the cell (D) Synthesizing sucrose within the cell

8. How does an H+/sucrose symporter typically energize sucrose transport? (A) Movement of sodium ions (B) Movement of chloride ions (C) Movement of protons (H+ ions) (D) Movement of potassium ions

9. Which part of the chloroplast is primarily responsible for the light reactions of photosynthesis? (A) Stroma (B) Thylakoid membrane (C) Outer membrane (D) Inner membrane

10. What is the primary function of the electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane during the light reactions? (A) Production of glucose (B) Splitting of water molecules (C) Synthesis of ATP and NADPH(D) Fixation of carbon dioxide