9. Which part of the chloroplast is primarily responsible for the light reactions of photosynthesis?
(A) Stroma
(B) Thylakoid membrane
(C) Outer membrane
(D) Inner membrane

5. Which statement correctly distinguishes between active and passive transport in plant cells? (A) Active transport does not require energy and moves substances from higher to lower concentration areas, while passive transport requires energy and moves substances against their concentration gradient. (B)Active transport requires energy and moves substances against their concentration gradient, while passive require energy and moves substances from higher to lower concentration areas.(C)active and passive transport require enegy, but active transport moves substances from areas o concentration, while passive transport moves substances from regions of higher to lower concentration. (D)Active and passive transport are identicat processes, with the only difference being the types of substa

6. What distinguishes channels from pumps in the context of membrane transport in plant cells? (A) Channels facilitate passive transport and move substances against their concentration gradient, while pumps are involved in active transport and move substances from higher to lower concentration areas. (B)Channels are involved in active transport and move substances from areas of lower to higher concentra facilitate passive transport and move substances from regions of higher to lower concentration. (C) Channels and pumps perform identical functions, and the terms can be used interchangeably in membrane transport. (D) Channels are passive transport proteins that allow substances to move down their concentration gradient, while pumps are active transport proteins that move substances against their concentration gradient.

7.What is the primary role of an H'/sucrose symporter in plant cells? (A) Facilitating the movement of water across the cell membrane (B) Assisting in the transport of sucrose across the cell membrane (C) Pumping protons out of the cell (D) Synthesizing sucrose within the cell

8. How does an H+/sucrose symporter typically energize sucrose transport? (A) Movement of sodium ions (B) Movement of chloride ions (C) Movement of protons (H+ ions) (D) Movement of potassium ions

10. What is the primary function of the electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane during the light reactions? (A) Production of glucose (B) Splitting of water molecules (C) Synthesis of ATP and NADPH(D) Fixation of carbon dioxide

11.During the light reactions, what is the byproduct of the process that involves the splitting of wa (A) Carbon dioxide (B) Glucose (C) Oxygen (D) NADPH

12. Which enzyme is responsible for carbon dioxide fixation in the Calvin Cycle? (A) Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase(RuBisco) (B) ATP synthase (C) NADP reductase (D) Phosphofructokinase

13. What is the final product of the Calvin cycle? (A) Glucose (B)G3P (C)3-PGA (D)RuBP

14. What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration? (A) It serves as a substrate in glycolysis. (C) It acts as a coenzyme in the citric acid cycle. (B) It is directly involved in the production of ATP. (D) It is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

15. Which step produces the most ATP? (A)Glycolysis (B) Pyruvate decarboxylation (C) Citric acid cycle(D) Oxidative phosphorylation/Electron transport chain