42. Which step of a basidiomycete’s life cycle would be interrupted if an enzyme that blocked hyphae fusion was introduced?
(A) germination
(B) fertilization
(C) plasmogamy
(D) karyogamy
(E) meiosis

38. In a smooth blood vessel, what is the relationship between blood pressure and the velocity of blood flow? (A) When blood pressure is low, velocity is high. (B) When blood pressure is low, velocity is low. (C) When blood pressure is high, velocity is low. (D) Velocity is always constant while blood pressure varies. (E) Blood pressure is always constant while velocity varies.

39. Which of the following statements is FALSE about the comparisons of Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria? (A) Gram-positive bacteria have thicker peptidoglycan in their cell wall. (B) Gram-positive bacteria show less resistant to antibiotics. (C) Gram-negative bacteria contain endotoxin whereas Gram-positive bacteria not. (D) Gram-positive bacteria consist of abundant lipopolysaccharides within cell wall. (E) All of the above

40. The inner mitochondrial membranes in liver cells have roughly five times the surface area of the outer mitochondrial membranes, allowing for faster rates of which process below? (A) glycolysis (B) citric acid cycle (C) substrate-based phosphorylation (D) oxidative phosphorylation (E) β-oxidation

41. What is/are the functions of 5’ cap in the eukaryotic mRNA? (A) facilitate the export of mRNA from nucleus (B) prevent from hydrolytic enzyme digestion (C) mediate the ribosome attachment to mRNA (D) B+C (E) A+B+C

43. Which statement describing the blood flow through the circulation of healthy human cardiovascular system is TRUE? (A) Left ventricle → Left atrium → Pulmonary vein → Capillaries of lungs (B) Right atrium → Right ventricle → Left ventricle → Left atrium (C) Capillaries of abdominal regions and legs → Aorta → Left atrium → Left ventricle (D) Capillaries of head and arms → Superior vena cava → Right atrium → Right ventricle (E) Inferior vena cava → Right ventricle → Right atrium →Pulmonary artery

44. Which kind of neurotransmitters does NOT belong to biogenic amines? (A) Acetylcholine (B) Dopamine (C) Epinephrine (D) Norepinephrine (E) Serotonin

45. Which of following does NOT belong to “Innate immunity”? (A) Mucus membranes (B) Skin (C) Nostril hairs (D) Natural killer cells (E) Lymphocytes

46. Which kind of hormone (or neurotransmitter) is involved in regulation of circadian rhythm in human? (A) Melanin (B) Oxytocin (C) Melatonin (D) Acetylcholine (E) Dopamine

47. What is the plant hormone which is produced in roots and promotes the attraction of mycorrhizal fungi to the roots? (A) brassinosteroids (B) jasmonates (C) strigolactones (D) abscisic acid (E) gibberellins

48. Which of the following hormones does NOT match the response it elicits? (A) Salicylic acid: Resistance of plants to some pathogens (B) Ethylene: Fruit abscission (C) Auxin: Apical dominance (D) Brassinosteroids: Leaf morphogenesis (E) Abscisic acid: Release of seeds from dormancy