49 In this article, what is the meaning of the word “slim” in the first paragraph?
(A)slender
(B)skinny
(C)faint
(D)small

45 (A)did (B)that (C)what (D)were

46 What is the main idea of this passage? (A)In the 1960s, university funds were sufficient to meet all students’ needs.(B)In the 1960s, there were more male students than female students.(C)In the 1960s, females were considered to be less academically important than males.(D)In the 1960s, common sense was enough to raise children.

47 According to the passage, which of the following statements explains why the author’s wife failed to get a loan from the university?(A)Her academic performance was poor.(B)She was married and her husband could support her.(C)Her loan was for books and supplies.(D)There was discrimination against women.

48 According to the passage, which of the following statements best describes the distributing policy of university student loans in the 1960s?(A)Male students and female students had equal chances.(B)Almost all university student loans were granted to male students.(C)Universities gave equal chances of financial support to senior students.(D)All students of lower academic status were not given any university loans.

50 In the passage, what does the word “resources” refer to in the first paragraph? (A)money (B)jobs (C)banks (D)schools

1. 有關阿斯匹靈敏感型氣喘(Aspirin-sensitive asthma)之 敘述，下列何者正確? (1)通常先發生過敏性鼻炎 (Perennial rhinitis)與鼻息肉(Nasal polyps)之病徵；(2) 阿斯匹靈敏感型氣喘比較不會被病毒感染引發急性 發作 (Exacerbations of asthma)；(3)阿斯匹靈敏感型 氣喘常常在同一家庭中會有多位成員發生； (4)cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) 抑制劑較COX-2 抑制劑 容易引發阿斯匹靈敏感型氣喘；(5)治療效果以抗白 三烯素(Antileukotrienes)較佳，吸入性類固醇 (Inhaled corticosteroids)不建議使用 (A) (1)+(2)+(3) (B) (2)+(3)+(4) (C) (1)+(2)+(4) (D) (1)+(4) (E) (3)+(4)+(5)

2. 有關吸入性肺炎(Aspiration pneumonia)的描述，下列 何者錯誤? (1)致病的菌種在最近這幾年來，厭氧菌 (Anaerobes)的重要性漸漸高於好氧菌(aerobes)；(2) 慢性阻塞性肺病(Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)是其中一個危險因子；(3)管灌飲食(Tube feeding)很安全，可以避免吞嚥功能不佳的病患發生 吸入性肺炎；(4)只有在吸入大量與酸性的胃容物 (Gastric contents)時，才容易發生Chemical pneumonitis；(5)來自社區(Community -acquired)的病 患發生吸入性肺炎，可考慮給予ampicillin– sulbactam, carbapenem (ertapenem), 或fluoroquinolone (levofloxacin or moxifloxacin)的治療 (A) (1)+(2)+(3) (B) (1)+(3) (C) (2)+(3)+(4) (D) (3)+(4)+(5) (E) (3)+(4)

3. 有關特發性肺纖維化(Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, IPF)之描述，下列何者正確? (1)肺功能檢查結果通常 呈現一氧化碳肺瀰散量(Diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, DLco)降低；(2)危險因子包括高 齡, 男性與抽菸等；(3)診斷IPF以臨床與肺部高解像 度電腦斷層掃描(HRCT，High Resolution Computed Tomography )為主，不一定需要進行肺切片Lung biopsy)檢查；(4)IPF患者不建議接受肺移植(Lung transplantation)手術，因為有很高的比例會復發；(5) 使用Nintedanib 或 Pirfenidone治療IPF，無法降低死 亡率 (A) (1)+(2)+(3) (B) (1)+(3)+(4) (C) (1)+(2)+(5) (D) (2)+(3)+(4) (E) (3)+(4)+(5)

4. 關於急性呼吸窘迫症候群(Acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS)的柏林定義(Berlin definition)，下列 何者錯誤? (A) 從危險因子的暴露到ARDS的發生為7天內 (B) 影像學診斷包括胸部X光或胸部電腦斷層 (C) 需完全排除心臟衰竭或Volume overload (D) 重度ARDS定義為 PaO2/FiO2 ≦ 100 mmHg (E) 取消急性肺損傷(Acute lung injury, ALI)一詞

5. 下列有關急性呼吸窘迫症候群(Acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS)的治療何者有誤? (A) 及早找到並治療造成ARDS的病因 (B) 呼吸器使用低潮氣量(Tidal volume, 6ml/kg)，以 減少呼吸器導致肺損傷(Ventilator-induced lung injury) (C) 俯臥姿(Prone position)可減少中重度ARDS患者 (PaO2/FiO2 ＜ 120 mmHg)之死亡率 (D) 體外膜氧合(Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation，ECMO)的早期使用，可改善嚴重 ARDS患者的存活率 (E) 不建議常規使用類固醇(Glucocorticoids)