55. If the mitochondria were removed from a cell, which of the following would NOT immediately stop?
(A) Glycolysis
(B) The citric acid cycle
(C) Thermogenic respiration
(D) Oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain of respiration
(E) Malate-aspartate shuttle

51. Which description about speciation is FALSE? (A) Speciation can occur rapidly. (B) Speciation can not be driven by few genes. (C) A species may originate from polyploidy. (D) Species can take place without geographic separation. (E) Divergence of allopatric population can lead to reproductive isolation.

52. Flower color in sweet peas is controlled by two genes, C/c and E/e. C is dominant to c and E is dominant to e. A plant produces purple flowers only if it contains at least one dominant allele for each gene； otherwise it produces white flowers. If two plants heterozygous for both genes are crossed, what will be the phenotypic ratio for purple: white flowers? (A) 3:1 (B) 4:1 (C) 9:7 (D) 5:3 (E) 15:1

53. A person with an extra copy of what number of chromosome has a condition called “Down syndrome” (A) Chromosome 9 (B) Chromosome 13 (C) Chromosome 18 (D) Chromosome 21 (E) Chromosome X

54. Regarding damage to the AV node of heart, what type of wave can cause an Electrocardiography (ECG) ? (A) The absence of the T wave (B) The absence of the P wave (C) Multiple Q waves (D) Multiple T waves (E) Multiple P waves

複選題56. About phytochrome, which statement is FALSE? (A) Red light can lead to the production of Pfr for activating the subsequent flower gene in long-day plant. (B) Pfr and Pr are the proteins with the same amino acid sequence. (C) The Pr can be abundantly found in leaves. (D) In theory, phytochrome contains only one gene that can express one protein. (E) The flowering response induced by a short flash of light can be also converted by a short darkness in a black box.

57. In the bundle sheath cells of C4 plants, CO2 can be fixed by ________ and produce ________ during the dark reaction of photosynthesis. (A) oxaloacetatic acid (OAA), malate (B) OAA, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) (C) pyruvate, malate (D) PEP, malate (E) RuBP, 3-Phosphoglycerate

58. The best description or link about the concept of plant “hypersensitive response” defense system could be that ________. (A) the infected cell will produce restriction enzymes to digest virus (B) the infected cell will produce antibody to restrict virus (C) plants can induce a broad area of cell death surrounding the infected cell (D) plants can produce volatile attractant to recruit the parasitoid predator (E) plants can increase vascular system to remove pathogen more quickly

59. In additional to the potential of many cancer cells to grow uncontrollably, which of the following scenarios is most likely to result in a tumor? (A) Lack of appropriate cell death (B) The order of cell cycle stages can be changed (C) Inability to form spindles (D) Failure of cells to enter the S shape (E) Most cancer cells are senescent

60. In human bodies, which functional area is mainly located in the occipital lobe of the brain? (A) Hearing (B) Reading (C) Smell (D) Speech (E) Vision

61. What amino acid is often phosphorylated by active insulin receptor? (A) Serine (B) Threonine (C) Tyrosine (D) Histidine (E) Arginine