59. In additional to the potential of many cancer cells to grow uncontrollably, which of the following scenarios is most likely to result in a tumor?
(A) Lack of appropriate cell death
(B) The order of cell cycle stages can be changed
(C) Inability to form spindles
(D) Failure of cells to enter the S shape
(E) Most cancer cells are senescent

55. If the mitochondria were removed from a cell, which of the following would NOT immediately stop? (A) Glycolysis (B) The citric acid cycle (C) Thermogenic respiration (D) Oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain of respiration (E) Malate-aspartate shuttle

複選題56. About phytochrome, which statement is FALSE? (A) Red light can lead to the production of Pfr for activating the subsequent flower gene in long-day plant. (B) Pfr and Pr are the proteins with the same amino acid sequence. (C) The Pr can be abundantly found in leaves. (D) In theory, phytochrome contains only one gene that can express one protein. (E) The flowering response induced by a short flash of light can be also converted by a short darkness in a black box.

57. In the bundle sheath cells of C4 plants, CO2 can be fixed by ________ and produce ________ during the dark reaction of photosynthesis. (A) oxaloacetatic acid (OAA), malate (B) OAA, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) (C) pyruvate, malate (D) PEP, malate (E) RuBP, 3-Phosphoglycerate

58. The best description or link about the concept of plant “hypersensitive response” defense system could be that ________. (A) the infected cell will produce restriction enzymes to digest virus (B) the infected cell will produce antibody to restrict virus (C) plants can induce a broad area of cell death surrounding the infected cell (D) plants can produce volatile attractant to recruit the parasitoid predator (E) plants can increase vascular system to remove pathogen more quickly

60. In human bodies, which functional area is mainly located in the occipital lobe of the brain? (A) Hearing (B) Reading (C) Smell (D) Speech (E) Vision

61. What amino acid is often phosphorylated by active insulin receptor? (A) Serine (B) Threonine (C) Tyrosine (D) Histidine (E) Arginine

複選題62. What compound offers the one-carbon unit to produce N5 , N10 -methylene tetrahydrofolate in one carbon metabolism? (A) Methionine (B) Serine (C) S-Adenosyl methionine (D) Choline (E) Glycine

63. What enzyme(s) is required for the cleavage of the unmethylated strand during the mismatched repair? (A) MutL (B) MutH (C) MutS (D) DNA helicase II/exonuclease VII (E) Exonuclease I/exonuclease X

64. What domain(s) of regulatory proteins for gene regulation is involved in dimerization? (A) Helix-turn-helix (B) Helix-loop-helix (C) Zinc finger (D) Homeodomain (E) All of the above

65. Which statement for hemoglobin (the oxygen-binding protein in red blood cells) is FALSE? (A) Hemoglobin exists in T and R states and R state prefers to bind oxygen. (B) Oxygen binding converts hemoglobin from T to R state. (C) Oxygen binding to hemoglobin is both allosteric and cooperative. (D) Hemoglobin also binds H+ and CO2 to lessen the affinity for O2. (E) Oxygen binding is also regulated by 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate, which stabilizes R state.