55. Which of the following does not have a coefficient of relatedness of 0.5 in humans?
(A) a brother to his brother
(B) a mother to her son
(C) an uncle to his nephew
(D) a father to his daughter
(E) a sister to her brother

51. A pathogenic fungus invades a plant. Which of the following does the plant produce in response to the attack? (A) antibiotics (B) antisense RNA (C) phytochrome (D) phytoalexins (E) statoliths

52. Which of the following is correctly paired? (A) forebrain – diencephalons (B) midbrain – cerebellum (C) spinal cord – brainstem (D) both A and B are correct (E) both B and C are correct

53. Which of the following statements is false? (A) Estuaries support many semiaquatic species. (B) Many lakes in temperate regions are characterized by seasonal thermal stratification. (C) The distribution of photosynthetic organisms is limited by the quality and intensity of light in marine ecosystems. (D) Estuaries usually contain no or few producers. (E) Many aquatic biomes exhibit pronounced vertical stratification of chemical variables.

54. The following organism with the greatest number of Hox genes should be a(n) (A) fish. (B) fly. (C) flatworm. (D) fluke. (E) fruit fly.

56. Which of the following is true in the logistic model of population growth? (A) as N approaches K, the growth rate will approach zero (B) as N approaches K, the death rate decreases (C) as N approaches K, the carrying capacity of the environment will increase (D) as N approaches K, the growth rate increases (E) both C and D are correct

57. The population cycle of the snowshoe hare and its predator indicates that (A) predators are not the only factor controlling the size of prey populations. (B) the two species must have evolved in close contact because one cannot live without the other. (C) both populations are controlled mainly by abiotic factors. (D) the hare populations is r-selected, whereas the lynx population is K-selected. (E) both C and D are correct.

58. A gastrovascular cavity, with a single opening, is the characteristic digestive system of animals in which phylum? (A) Nematoda (B) Platyhelminthes (C) Arthropoda (D) Mollusca (E) Porifera

59. Which of the following statements about endocrine system is false? (A) Hormones from the adrenal cortex control salt and water balance. (B) An increase in endorphins blocks pain. (C) An iodine deficiency might interfere with the production of thyroxine. (D) Some cells can conduct nerve signals and secrete hormones. (E) Most endocrine glands produce steroid hormones.

60. If two modern organisms are distantly related in an evolutionary sense, then one should expect that (A) they should live in very different habitats. (B) their chromosomes should be very similar. (C) they shares a common ancestor relatively recently. (D) they should share fewer homologous organs than two closely related organisms. (E) they should be members of the same genus.

61. How do cleavage divisions differ from normal mitotic cell divisions? (A) Cleavage divisions occur by meiosis, not mitosis. (B) Cleavage divisions are slower than normal cell divisions. (C) Cleavage divisions occur without much mRNA synthesis. (D) Cleavage divisions divide cells into daughters with different gene sets. (E) Both C and D are correct.