59. Proto-oncogenes can be converted to oncogenes by various genetic changes. Which of these mechanisms does not contribute to an abnormal cell cycle? (A) A gene is transposed to a more active promoter. (B) Chromosomes break and fragments are translocated from one chromosome to another. (C) Point mutations occur that result in a protein more resistant to degradation. (D) Extra copies of the gene are made, thereby enhancing expression. (E) DNA methylation takes place.