95年 - 95 高雄醫學大學_學士後醫學系招生考試：普通生物學#82950

33. Comparison of the above four constructs (I, II,III , IV) for the transcription of mRNA of gene A, which of the following ; is in a correct order for the expression of gene A (From high to low)? (A) I，II，III，IV

(B) IV，III, II，I (C) II,I, III, IV(D)III，II， I，IV (E) I, II，IV，III

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34. When Thomas Hunt Morgan crossed his red-eyed Fi generation flies to each other, the F2 generation included both red- and white-eyed flies. Remarkably, all the white-eyed flies were male. He concluded that the involved gene was on the X chromosome. Why he could make this conclusion? (A) Before this experiment, he already knew the genes are located at chromosome. (B) Before this experiment, he knew that the sex was determined by X and Y chromosome. (C) He knew the phenotype of eyes was sex-Iinkage. (D) His conclusion makes non-sense at all. (E) Before this experiment, he knew that Y-chromosome canys very few genes.

35. Which of the following ideas is not consistent with our understanding of animal structure? (A) The environment imposes similar problems on all animals. (B) The evolution of structure in an animal is influenced by its environment. (C) All but the simplest animals demonstrate the same hierarchical levels of organization. (D) Different animals contain fundamentally different categories of tissues. (E) Short-term adjustments to environmental changes are mediated by physiological organ systems

36. Which sequence of blood flow can be observed in either a reptile or a mammal? (A) left ventricle aorta — lungs — systemic circulation. (B) right ventricle — pulmonary vein —^ pulmocutaneous circulation. (C) pulmonary vein — left atrium —^ ventricle pulmonary circuit. (D) vena cava —• right atrium —^ ventricle —＞ pulmonary circuit. (E) right atrium — pulmonary artery — left atrium — ventricle.

37. The following events occur when a mammalian immune system first encounters a pathogen. Place them in correct sequence and then choose the answer that indicates that sequence. I: Pathogen is destroyed. Ⅱ: Lymphocytes secrete antibodies. Ⅲ: Antigenic determinants from pathogen bind to antigen receptors on lymphocytes. IV: Lymphocytes specific to antigenic determinants from pathogen become numerous. V: Only memory cells remain.(A) Ⅰ ,Ⅲ, Ⅱ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ(B) Ⅲ, Ⅱ,Ⅰ, Ⅴ, Ⅳ(C) Ⅱ,Ⅰ, Ⅳ,Ⅲ,Ⅴ(D) Ⅳ, Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅰ,Ⅴ(E) Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅱ,Ⅰ, Ⅴ

38. Fossil evidence indicates that horses have gradually increased in size over geologic time. (A) random selection (B) directional selection (C) stabilizing selection (D) disruptive selection (E) sexual selection

39. Aldosterone synthesis and release is controlled by (A) hypotnalamus-pituitary-axis. (B) the renin-angioiensin system. (C) glucose concentration in the blood. (D) ion concentration in the blood. (E) autoregulation.

40. Why would a gonad cell and a prostate cell respond differently to the same steroid hormone, testosterone? (A) They have different receptor proteins within the cell. (B) They have different acceptor proteins on the chromatin. (C) Steroid hormones usually transmit signals that are antagonistic. (D) The hormone-receptor complex is transcribed and processed differently in the two kinds of cells. (E) The targets of the hormone-receptor complex are different in the two kinds of cells.

41. Which of the following statements is correct about biogeochemical cycling? (A) The carbon cycle has maintained a constant atmospheric concentration of C02 for the past million years. (B) The phosphorus cycle is a sedimentary cycle that involves the weathering of rocks. (C) The nitrogen cycle involves movement of nitrogen veiy little of which is chemically altered by either the biotic or abiotic components of the ecosystem. (D) The phosphorus cycle involves the rapid recycling of atmospheric phosphorus. (E) The carbon cycle is a localized cycle that primarily reflects the burning of fossil fuels.

42. After an action potential, the resting potential is restored by (A) the opening of sodium activation gates. (B) the opening of voltage-sensitive potassium channels and the closing of sodium activation gates. (C) an increase in the membrane's permeability to potassium and chloride ions. (D) the delay in the action of the sodium-potassium pump. (E) the refractory period in which the membrane is hyperpolarized.

43. Given the steps shown below, which of the following is the correct sequence for transmission at a chemical synapse? 1. Neurotransmitter binds with receptors associated with the postsynaptic membrane. 2. Ca^2＋ions rush into neuron's cytoplasm. 3. Action potential depolarizes the synaptic terminal membrane. 4. Ligand-gated ion channels open. 5.∠ Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. (A) 1,2,3,4,5 (B) 2,3,5,4,l (C) 3,2,5,1,4 (D) 4,3,1,2,5 (E) 5,1,2,4,3

44. The signal-transduction pathway in animals that use epinephrine (A) is a classic example of synaptic signaling. (B) involves activation of glycogen breakdown in liver and skeletal muscle cells. (C) is a classic example of paracrine signaling. (D) only B and C are correct. (E) None of these describes the epinephrine system. .

45. During the menstrual cycle, what is the main source of progesterone in females? (A) growing follicle (B) mature follicle (C) corpus luteum (D)uterus (E) placenta

46. Which of the following statements about succession is correct? (A) Secondary succession can occur where a disturbance has left soil intact. (B) Primary succession occurs in areas where soil remains after a disturbance. (C) Secondary succession occurs where no soil exists. (D) Through successional dynamics，all communities will eventually reach a status of equilibrium. (E) Some cases of succession involve facilitation, a phenomenon in which local species inhibit the growth of newcomers.

47. In peas, a gene controls flower color such that R = purple and r = white. In an isolated pea patch, there are 64 purple flowers | and 36 white flowers. Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what proportion of the population is probably heterozygous for this trait? (A)48 (B) 0.60 (C) 0.24 (D)0.16 (E) 0.80

48. As a biologist, it is your job to look for plants that have evolved structures with a selective advantage in dry，hot conditions. Which of the following adaptations would be least likely to meet your objective? (A) CAM plants that grow rapidly (B) large, fleshy stems with the ability to carry out photosynthesis (C) a thick cuticle on fleshy leaves (D) small, thick leaves with stomata on the lower surface (E) plants that do not produce abscisic acid and have a thick, short root

49. Which of the following statements about energy flow is incorrect? (A) Only net primary productivity is available to consumers. (B) Only about one-thousandth of the chemical energy fixed by photosynthesis reaches a tertiary-level consumer. (C) Secondary productivity declines with each trophic level. (D) About 90% of the energy at one trophic level does not appear at the next. (E) Eating meat is probably the most economical way of acquiring the energy of photosynthetic productivity.