61. The observed osmotic pressure for a 0.10 M solution of M(SO₄)₂ at 27°C is 6.4 atm. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the expected and experimental values for i?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

(E)

57. Light of wavelength 400 nm falls on a metal surface having a work function 1.70 eV. What is the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons emitted from the metal?(A) 1.41 eV (B) 1.70 eV (C) 2.82 eV (D) 3.11 eV (E) 4.51 eV

58. You wish to pick an element for a photocell that will operate via the photoelectric effect withvisible light. Which of the following is suitable? (hc/e=1.2398× eV⋅m, the wavelength ofvisible light: 380 ~ 750 nm)(A) Silver (4.26 eV) (B) Copper (4.5 eV) (C) Aluminum (4.06 eV)(D) Magnesium (3.66 eV) (E) Sodium (2.36 eV)

59. X-rays are produced by bombarding a tungsten target with high-energy electrons. The K-shell electron is ejected, and then an L-shell electron jumps to the K-shell and releases an X-ray photon.The binding energies of shell and orbital are listed in the table. Estimate the energy of this X-ray photon.(A) 10 keV (B) 12 keV (C) 58 keV (D) 69 keV (E) 81 keV

60. A beam of light with intensity 40 W/m2 is polarized along the y-axis asshown. This beam passes through a polarizing filter with a polarizationdirection that makes an angle θ=60° with the y-axis. What is the intensity ofthe light transmitted through the filter?(A) 5 W/m2 (B) 10 W/m2 (C) 20 W/m2 (D) 30 W/m2 (E) 35 W/m2

62. How many of the following given molecules have all their atoms lying in the same plane?H2C=CH2, H2C=C=CH2, CH3COCH3, NH3, CO2, BeCl2(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5 (E) 6

63. The average osmotic pressure of human body fluids is approximately 7.7 atm. Suppose we want to prepare a solution of normal saline that is isotonic with human body fluids, using only NaCl as the solute. Assuming the density of the saline solution is 1 g/cm3 and the temperature is 37°C (normal body temperature), what would be the weight percent concentration of NaCl in this solution? (Assuming NaCl is 100% dissociation; Na=23.0 g/mol; Cl=35.5 g/mol)(A) 0.45 % (w/w) (B) 0.90 % (w/w) (C) 1.35 % (w/w)(D) 1.80 % (w/w) (E) 2.30 % (w/w)

64. To cool 500 g of liquid water from 25°C to 0°C, what is the minimum number of ice cubes need to use? Each ice cube contains 20.0 g of water and temperature is -5°C. The enthalpy of fusion of ice is 6.020 kJ/mol; the heat capacity of liquid water is 75.4 J/mol·°C; the heat capacity of solid water is 2.05 J/g·°C.(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 8 (D) 9 (E) 10

65. fn a coffee-cup calorimeter, 1.60 g NH4NO3 is mixed with 75.0 g water at an initial temperature 25.0oC. After dissolution of the salt, the final temperature of the calorimeter contents was 23.3oC.For the dissolving process, how many of the following thermodynamic functions: ,and , are positive in signs?(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 (E) 4

66. Methanol, a high-octane fuel, is extensively utilized in high-performance racing engines due to its favorable combustion characteristics. To investigate its thermodynamic properties, we cancalculate the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) associated with the combustion reaction ofmethanol when employed as an energy source. What is the G°? (CO2) = -394 kJ, (H2O) = -299 kJ, (CH3OH)= -163 kJ(A) -1358 kJ/mol (B) -1558 kJ/mol (C) -1658 kJ/mol(D) -1758 kJ/mol (E) -1858 kJ/mol

67. fn a high-spin octahedral complex, the metal ion has two more unpaired electrons than in a lowspin octahedral complex. What is the potential metal ion?(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)