⑴ Standing orders

一、請敘述致癌作用三階段及各舉一致癌物為範例。 （25 分）

二、請敘述金屬鎘與有機汞對人體危害之環境污染事件並比較其致毒作用 機制之差異。 （25 分）

三、請敘述飲用水水質污染物質微囊藻毒（microcystins or cyanoginosins）由 何而來？微囊藻毒對人類健康風險中主要之標的器官為何？（25 分）

四、請敘述戴奧辛（dioxins）之過去及現在之主要污染源為何？並解釋其對 人類所產生毒性及其致毒機制。（25 分）

⑵ Air draft

⑶ Controllable pitch propeller

⑷ Collision

⑸ Flotation center of a ship

二、Please translate the following sentences into English.（25 分） 負責航行當值之甲級海員應在駕駛台保持當值，且不論船長是否在駕駛 台，應持續負責船舶安全航行，若船長特別告知已承擔航行職責，方得 離開駕駛台。當值船副並應每隔適當時間使用船上任何可用之航儀，對 所操縱之航向、船位以及航速予以核對，以確保本船依循預定航線航 行。此外，當值船副需對於船上所有安全及航行設備之位置及操作方法 具備充分之知識，並應了解這些設備操作上之限制。

三、Please translate the following sentences into Chinese.（25 分）  According to the principles based on International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Chapter II-2, the requirements for the fixed CO2 fire extinguishing system in the engine room and cargo spaces are as follows. ● The fixed fire extinguishing room is properly marked and in satisfactory condition and readily accessible, and the ventilation is satisfactory. ● The operating instructions of the fixed extinguishing system in an appropriate language are permanently posted. ● The gas cylinders are complete, properly stowed and absence of corrosion. ● The maintenance and service records, including the last service and the next due pressure test, shall be available and readily to be examined. ● The pipelines shall be in satisfactory order and have no heavy corrosion. ● The audible alarm, including the time delay for the gas release, should be tested at a regular interval.