⑶ Controllable pitch propeller

三、請敘述飲用水水質污染物質微囊藻毒（microcystins or cyanoginosins）由 何而來？微囊藻毒對人類健康風險中主要之標的器官為何？（25 分）

四、請敘述戴奧辛（dioxins）之過去及現在之主要污染源為何？並解釋其對 人類所產生毒性及其致毒機制。（25 分）

⑴ Standing orders

⑵ Air draft

⑷ Collision

⑸ Flotation center of a ship

二、Please translate the following sentences into English.（25 分） 負責航行當值之甲級海員應在駕駛台保持當值，且不論船長是否在駕駛 台，應持續負責船舶安全航行，若船長特別告知已承擔航行職責，方得 離開駕駛台。當值船副並應每隔適當時間使用船上任何可用之航儀，對 所操縱之航向、船位以及航速予以核對，以確保本船依循預定航線航 行。此外，當值船副需對於船上所有安全及航行設備之位置及操作方法 具備充分之知識，並應了解這些設備操作上之限制。

三、Please translate the following sentences into Chinese.（25 分）  According to the principles based on International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Chapter II-2, the requirements for the fixed CO2 fire extinguishing system in the engine room and cargo spaces are as follows. ● The fixed fire extinguishing room is properly marked and in satisfactory condition and readily accessible, and the ventilation is satisfactory. ● The operating instructions of the fixed extinguishing system in an appropriate language are permanently posted. ● The gas cylinders are complete, properly stowed and absence of corrosion. ● The maintenance and service records, including the last service and the next due pressure test, shall be available and readily to be examined. ● The pipelines shall be in satisfactory order and have no heavy corrosion. ● The audible alarm, including the time delay for the gas release, should be tested at a regular interval. 

四、According to IMO, an e-navigation concept can be defined as「the harmonized collection, integration, exchange, presentation and analysis of maritime information on board and ashore by electronic means to enhance berth to berth navigation and related services, for safety and security at sea and protection of the marine environment」. Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) plays an important part in the ship/ shore communication. Please discuss the role of GMDSS in e-navigation and give your opinions in English.（25 分）

一、英譯中：請將下面這段英文譯成正確、流暢的中文。（30 分） Internet vigilantism describes online actions that are oriented toward monitoring the actions of others. It refers to individuals or groups that take grassroots action, rather than work through regional or national justice systems. Many commend the work of online vigilantes, saying that such actions are the most effective way to exact social justice and to impeach perpetrators of questionable behavior. However, while the free flow of information online has opened up the possibility of free speech, it also has a dark side. The Internet has obviously amplified the potency of gossip and public shaming. The actions of the vigilantes are probably a result of noble intentions, and support from the public serves to endorse and fuel their vigilantism further. But let’s remember： vigilantism often disregards serious investigation, due process and accountability.