題組內容
四、 Several studies, in separate countries, investigated multicomponent interventions； all of them
included food reformulation, labelling and voluntary limits on trans-fatty acids (TFA) content of
industrial food. In Denmark, a progressive series of interventions finally led to a legislative ban
on TFA. This package achieved the largest observed reduction in TFA intake in the population
over the period from 1976 to 2005 (4.5 g/day). The USA is now emulating this successful strategy.
Substantial, but smaller benefits were achieved by multi-intervention strategies lacking a
legislative component in Costa Rica and Canada. Multicomponent strategies including upstream
policies, such as price regulations or legislation, consistently achieved greater reductions in TFA
intake than single interventions, particularly when these were downstream approaches focused
on individuals. Legislation to regulate TFA content in food achieved a 2.4 g/day reduction in
intake of TFA in the city of New York. This success has now been extended nationwide by the
United States Food and Drug Administration ruling in June 2015 stating that partially
hydrogenated oils are no longer generally recognized as safe for use in food. Following the
Danish exemplar, several other European countries have subsequently introduced legislation,
setting an upper limit for TFAs of 2 g per 100 g in fat or oil. However, other countries still rely
on voluntary reformulation, which is less effective. Legislation is routinely opposed by the food
industry, fearful of decreased profits or the additional costs of reformulating products. However,
the evidence is that such legislation has generally had minimal financial impact on the food
industry. [Adopted from WHO | Systematic review of dietary trans-fat reduction interventions]
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