第三部分：問答題（共40分） 

9. One of the most commonly used white pigments in paint is a compound of titanium and oxygen that contains 59.9% T'i (average atomic mass: 47.88 amu) by mass. Determine the empirical formula of this compound, (10 分）

(a) H2CCCH2 ____

(b)H2CCH2____

(c) CH3NNN ____

(A) Si:______

(B) Al;_______

10. For VSEPR, repulsions from a lone pair and a bonding pair are different. Explain (10 分）

11. The allene molecule has the following structure; H2OC=CH2  Are all four hydrogen atoms in the same plane? Explain your answer. (10 分）

12. X-rays from a copper X-ray tube (λ = 1.54 A) were diffracted at an angle of 30.00 degrees by a crystal of silicon. Assuming first order diffraction (n = 1)，what is the inter-planar spacing in silicon? (write down the equation) (10 分）

(c) (5%) What is the Gibbs free energy of freezing water at -10°C? (Molar melting enthalpy of ice: △mH° = 5619 J mol -1at–10°C, △mH° = 6008 J mol-¹ at 0°C; molar heat capacity: ice Cp,m=37.66 J mol-¹K-¹, water Cp,m-75.38 J mol¹K¹)

(b) (5%) The entropy of change for the isolated system upon freezing includes the entropy change of the surrounding as the entropy change of the water. Since the heat capacity of surrounding is large, the heat evolved by the water on freezing us absorbed by the surrounding with only an infinitesimal change in temperature. Calculate the entropy change of the surrounding! What is the change in the entropy of the universe?

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