8. (20%) Water Resources Agency plans to build a seawater desalination plant in Hsinchu. Please discuss its pros and cons considering all social, economic and environmental implications.

2.(10%) This back-calculation equation below has been used in Australia to get the total consumption (doses per day per 1000 people) of illicit drugs used in the community, where concentration (analyte) of illicit drugs is measured in the wastewaters. Assuming that we can use similar equation to estimate the exposure to COVID-19 in the community, in the case where we don't have "Flow volume" and "Catchment population in 1000's" data, what other data can be used instead? In other words, which parameters in the wastewaters can be used as biomarkers to represent/indicate wastewaters that were originated from human usage instead of other sources (i.e. rain water, industrial wastewaters, etc)? (Please select the least appropriate or the least suitable biomarker)a.BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand b. Ammonia Nitrogen c. Total Nitrogen d. Total Phosphorus e. Total Carbon

3.(10%) Please explain your choice for Question 2

4.(20%) In addition to the param meters listed in the back-calculation equation above, what other factors do you need to consider in order to improve the use of WBE for estimating the exposure of COVID-19/ or consumption of illicit drug? In other words, what other important variables are not considered in the equation? Please explain.

5.(10%) The average annual rainfall in Taiwan is around 2500 mm, about 2.6 times higher than the global average. Given the high rainfall, explain why Taiwan has a lower-than-average annual per capita amount of water,

6. (10%) What are the major freshwater uses in Taiwan and globally? Rank these uses from high to low.

7. (10%) Please propose a treatment train for indirect portable water reuse for domestic wastewater.

四、何謂生化需氧量(biochemical oxygendemand,BOD)曲線?何謂氧垂曲線(oxygensg curve)?何謂河川自淨能力(riverselfpurfcat)述三者之間的關係。(25%)

三、近年來,國內得到肺腺癌的比例愈來愈高,根據國內醫學專家判斷指出,可能與空氣污染物 中的PM2.5有關。試問何謂PM2.5?其來源為何?如何降低其引發呼吸道疾病或肺腺癌的風險?除了PM2.5外,還有哪些空氣污染物會對人體健康產生何種的影響?(25%)

二、2020年新冠病毒(COVID-19)肆虐,人類彼此交錯感染引發致命的肺炎。聯合國秘書長古特雷 斯(AntonioGuterres)曾指出,造成COVID-19病毒的大爆發的原因可能由於人與自然間 的關係有所改變所致,諸如人類對待環境生態的方式及態度等衍生出愈來愈多,包含COVID 19,之新與傳染病。試問可能是哪些的人類對自然生態環境行為模式上的改變,或在哪個環 節上出了問題,因而造成這些傳染病在人類社群中的出現?(25%)

一、聯合國生物多様性公約(Convention on iologcal Diversity,CBD)於2010年在日本愛 知縣舉辦締約國年度大會時,訂下20項「愛知生物多樣性目標」,並設定2020年到期。聯 合國於2020年發表年度檢討報告時,發現該目標10年後沒有一項目標可以完全實現,而只 有某些目標部分達成,部分子目標甚至更加惡化。試問何謂生物多樣性?生物多樣性的類型 有哪些?地球環境生態如失去生物多樣性會遭受到何種傷害?試概述愛知生物多樣性的目標 有哪些?目前部分達成的目標又有哪些?(25%)

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