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複選題59.下列何者非犬隻副甲狀腺功能亢進(hyperparathyroidism)所引發腎鈣石症 (nephrocalcinosis)之特徵性病變? (A)腎小管上皮細胞變性壞死 (B)鈣離子易沉積於腎小管上皮細胞內之粒線體 (C)鈣離子沉積於腎小管上皮細胞及基底膜 (D)鈣離子沉積於腎盂部與輸尿管管腔中

23. Which of the following statements about renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is FALSE? (A) Sensors in juxtaglomerular apparatus (JAG) detect decrease in pressure. (B) JAG releases renin with decreased pressure. (C) Renin cleaves angiotensinogen to produce angiotensin I. (D) Angiotensin II stimulates the kidney to release aldosterone. (E) Aldosterone increases blood volume by Na+ and water reabsorption.

複選題48. Renin is a(n) _____. Its secretion is stimulated by _____. (A) hormone, high osmolality (B) hormone, low blood pressure (C) hormone, low pH (D) enzyme, high osmolality (E) enzyme, low blood pressure

22李老師想瞭解任教班上學生是否具有團隊合作能力,下列哪一種方式最適切? (A)口試 (B)紙筆測驗 (C)社交測量 (D)觀察與軼事記錄

 3. 六方最密堆積結構(Hexagonal close-packed structure)中的金屬原子有多少配位數 ?(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 10 (E) 12

37. A healthy young man ingests a large volume of distilled water and 50 min later a study is undertaken. In which of the following parts in his kidneys would the liquid with the greatest osmolarity be found? (A) Proximal tubule (B) The bottom of the loop of Henle of the cortical nephron (C) The bottom of the loop of Henle of the juxtamedullary nephron (D) Distal tubule of the juxtamedullary nephron (E) The innermost medullary collecting duct