複選題
48. Renin is a(n) _____. Its secretion is stimulated by _____.
(A) hormone, high osmolality
(B) hormone, low blood pressure
(C) hormone, low pH
(D) enzyme, high osmolality
(E) enzyme, low blood pressure

44. The emigration or immigration of fertile individuals from or to a small population may alter the gene pool of the population. This example of a change in allele frequency is best characterized as _____. (A) natural selection (B) population bottleneck (C) founder effect (D) gene flow (E) convergent evolution

45. Which of the following structures does NOT develop from ectoderm of vertebrates? (A) epidermis of skin (B) nervous system (C) adrenal cortex (D) teeth (E) germ cells

46. A given bird has 24 chromosomes in its body cells. How many chromatids will be present in each prospective gamete cell during metaphase II of meiosis? (A) 6 (B) 12 (C) 24 (D) 48 (E) 96

47. Which of the followings is NOT a neurotransmitter? (A) nitric oxide (B) substance P (C) cAMP (D) serotonin (E) carbon monoxide

49. Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood _____. (A) dissolved in the plasma (B) attachment to hemoglobin (C) as bicarbonate ion (D) both A and C (E) all of A, B, and C

50. During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is incorporated into glucose in _____; water is broken down and oxygen gas produced in _____. (A) photosystem I; photosystem II (B) Calvin cycle; photosystem II (C) photosystem II; Calvin cycle (D) Calvin cycle; photosystem I (E) photosystem I; Calvin cycle

51. A nitrogen-containing carbohydrate is _____. (A) chitin (B) glucose (C) starch (D) cellulose (E) glycogen

52. Which method CANNOT detect the gene expression levels? (A) Northern blotting (B) RT-PCR (C) DNA microarray assay (D) in situ hybridization (E) SNP

53. In eukaryotic cell, a mature mRNA does NOT contain _____. (A) promoter (B) 5’ CAP (C) 5’ UTR (D) 3’ UTR (E) poly-A tail

54. Which of the following statements about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is FALSE? (A) HIV is double –stranded RNA virus. (B) HIV is equipped with reverse transcriptase. (C) It can infect T lymphocytes and cause AIDS. (D) Its genome serves as template for DNA synthesis and the newly made viral DNA can integrate into the host’s chromosome as provirus. (E) The host’s RNA polymerase transcribes the provial DNA into mRNAs and viral genomes.