115年 - 115 國立中山大學_學士後醫學系招生考試試題：英文#138398

1. The director of the Taiwan Movement Disorders Society (TMDS) said exercise is essential for Parkinson's patients. He points out that ______ is more important than intensity or duration. (A) concentration (B) consistency (C) communication (D) confirmation (E) confrontation

2. "GPT-4 is ______. Like humans, it makes mistakes, despite often showing brilliance," said the author of The AI Revolution in Medicine (p. 164). (A) formidable (B) faithful (C) fateful (D) fearful (E) fallible

3. As modern lifestyles increasingly compress sleep time, the findings of the research project ______ a simple but powerful message: protecting your sleep may help protect your heart. (A) underscores (B) tones down (C) understates (D) denounces (E) kicks off

4. Penicillin saved the lives of Allied soldiers in the Second World War who would otherwise ______ from sepsis and made complex surgeries safe. (A) die (B) be dead (C) have died (D) be dying (E) have dyed

5. Due to the constantly evolving nature of influenza viruses, WHO continues to stress the importance of year-round global ______ to detect and monitor emerging or circulating influenza viruses. (A) trade (B) market (C) surveillance (D) vaccination (E) war

6. The zoo said it would ask the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at National Pingtung University of Science and Technology to conduct ______ to determine the cause of Ali the elephant's death. (A) an autopsy (B) a biopsy (C) a biogenesis (D) an aliment (E) an alienation

7. In 2023 alone, the WHO estimated that 1.25 million people died from TB, while another 10.8 million ______ the disease. (A) caught up (B) became infected (C) converted (D) contacted (E) contracted

8. According to a recent article in February 2026 Diabetologia, aerobic activities decreased glucose more during exercise sessions than anaerobic exercise and yielded a larger acute hypoglycemia risk. ______, anaerobic activities provide better 24-hour glycemic control. (A) Conversely (B) Therefore (C) Properly (D) Similarly (E) Finally

9. The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded in part to Dr Shimon Sakaguchi, Professor emeritus of Kyoto University. Professor Kawamoto, the Director of the Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, remarks: "Dr. Sakaguchi's strong commitment to achieving his research goals, in spite of at times facing daunting headwinds, no doubt has led to his great achievement." What does "headwinds" mean here? (A) headaches (B) obstacles (C) environmental issues (D) financial difficulties (E) supervisors

10. National Doctors' Day in Taiwan is celebrated annually on November 12 to honor the dedications and contributions of medical professionals to public health. It ______ the birthday of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, who had been a qualified medical doctor before becoming a revolutionary leader. (A) coincides with (B) sees to (C) comes across (D) holds back from (E) deviates from

11. The famous English novelist Jane Austen published four novels anonymously in her lifetime and two more after her death. Her ______ reputation has never stopped growing. People around the world celebrated the 250th anniversary of her birth in 2025. (A) menopause (B) postpartum (C) postnuptial (D) posthumous (E) posthuman

12. The Harvard anesthesiologist Henry Beecher in his article entitled "Ethics and Clinical Research" published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 1966 ______ doctors and biomedical scientists who had patients as experimental subjects without their consent. (A) veils (B) conspires (C) conceals (D) compliments (E) blows the whistle on

13. "The smell of the dissection room ______ deep into every single fibre of cotton or polyester and never, ever leaves. It hits you afresh" states Adam Kay, the writer and former junior doctor in his bestselling memoir, Undoctored: The Story of a Medic Who Ran out of Patients (2022). (A) performs (B) sinks (C) wrings out (D) drains (E) permeates

14. "Wear the white coat with dignity and pride—it is an honor and ______ to get to serve the public as a physician," said Bill H. Warren, MD. (A) performance (B) preference (C) privilege (D) personality (E) position

15. Had the attending physician been notified earlier, the patient's condition ______ so rapidly. (A) wouldn't deteriorate (B) hadn't deteriorated (C) wouldn't have deteriorated (D) didn't deteriorate (E) would have been deteriorating

16. A medication is described as "contraindicated" when it ______. (A) is proven effective in randomized trials (B) should not be used because it may cause harm (C) must be taken with food to avoid nausea (D) is available only in intravenous form (E) requires a gradual dose increase

17. The patient was told to take the antibiotic exactly as prescribed; otherwise, the infection might ______. (A) relapse (B) regress (C) remit (D) collapse (E) recede

18. The hospital implemented a new protocol to minimize "nosocomial infections," meaning infections acquired ______. (A) through contaminated food (B) during international travel (C) in a healthcare setting (D) from inherited genetic mutations (E) exclusively from insect bites

19. Choose the sentence with the most appropriate formal tone for a medical report. (A) The patient felt kinda dizzy and didn't sleep well. (B) The patient reports intermittent dizziness and poor sleep quality. (C) The patient was super tired and sort of light-headed. (D) The patient was dizzy, like, a lot of the time. (E) The patient was not okay and had bad sleep.

20. The most significant risk factor for the development of pressure ulcers in a bedridden patient is ______. (A) infrequent repositioning. (B) a high-protein diet. (C) the use of a specialized mattress. (D) adequate skin hydration. (E) regular active range-of-motion exercises.

21. A first-year medical student is learning how to take a patient's history. Which of the following questions is an example of a "leading question" that should generally be avoided? (A) "Can you describe the pain in your chest?" (B) "When did you first notice this rash?" (C) "The pain doesn't radiate to your left arm, does it?" (D) "What were you doing when the dizziness started?" (E) "On a scale of 1 to 10, how would you rate your pain?"

22. A new mother is concerned because her baby has a yellowish tint to the skin. The pediatrician explains that this is physiological ______, a common condition in newborns caused by the immaturity of the infant's liver enzymes. (A) bile duct (B) jaundice (C) anemia (D) arthritis (E) pneumonia

23. A patient's blood work shows a high concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and a low concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). This profile is a well-established risk factor for atherosclerosis. The role of LDL in this process is primarily to ______ cholesterol in the walls of arteries. (A) remove (B) transport (C) deposit (D) annihilate (E) unsaturate

24. In the management of a patient with status asthmaticus, a doctor administers supplemental oxygen, nebulized albuterol (a beta-2 agonist), and intravenous corticosteroids. The primary mechanism of action of the corticosteroids in this acute setting is to reduce airway ______ and prevent late-phase reaction. (A) infantry (B) histamine (C) inflammation (D) stress (E) secretions

25. The antibiotic vancomycin is often referred to as a "drug of last resort" for serious Gram-positive infections. Its bactericidal effect is primarily achieved by ______ cell wall synthesis by binding to D-Ala-D-Ala precursors. (A) herborizing (B) resorting (C) habitating (D) inhibiting (E) exhibiting

26. A medical study finds a strong statistical association between daily coffee consumption and a reduced risk of developing Parkinson's disease. However, the study cannot prove that coffee drinking causes the reduction in risk. By which epidemiological maxim is this limitation of the study best summarized? (A) Correlation does not imply causation. (B) The dose makes the poison. (C) The population is the patient. (D) A random sample is the best sample. (E) The plural of anecdote is not data.

27. Hospitals increasingly rely on interdisciplinary teams to improve patient outcomes. Effective teamwork depends not only on individual expertise but also on shared mental models and clear role definitions. ______ When roles are poorly specified, tasks may be duplicated or neglected, and responsibility becomes diffuse. Communication failures are especially likely during handoffs, when critical details can be lost between shifts. Structured tools, such as SBAR, can reduce omissions by standardizing what information is conveyed. (A) Consequently, a hospital cafeteria should offer diverse meal options. (B) For instance, a pharmacist may focus on medication safety while a nurse monitors bedside changes. (C) However, laboratory machines are more accurate than clinicians. (D) In contrast, patients rarely ask questions during consultations. (E) Therefore, randomized trials should always be double-blinded.

28. Public health messaging aims to change behavior at a population level, but it must avoid oversimplifying risk. If messages are alarmist, audiences may become desensitized or distrustful; if messages are too reassuring, people may underestimate danger. ______ During outbreaks, uncertainty is inevitable, yet communicators can build trust by explaining what is known, what is unknown, and what actions are recommended. (A) A balanced message should be accurate, actionable, and transparent about limitations. (B) A balanced message should always promise zero risk. (C) A balanced message should avoid mentioning evidence. (D) A balanced message should replace scientific terms with jokes. (E) A balanced message should be delivered only to physicians.

29. In research ethics, informed consent is not merely a signed document; it is a process of communication. Participants should understand the purpose of the study, potential risks and benefits, and their right to withdraw without penalty. ______ This is particularly important when participants are vulnerable due to illness, stress, or limited health literacy. (A) Therefore, consent is valid only when comprehension is assessed and questions are welcomed. (B) Therefore, consent is unnecessary if the study is interesting. (C) Therefore, consent should be replaced by verbal persuasion. (D) However, consent is identical to coercion and questions are answered. (E) Therefore, consent is irrelevant in clinical trials.

30. Precision medicine is an ______ approach to patient care that allows doctors to select treatments that are most likely to help patients based on a genetic or molecular understanding of their disease. (A) archaic (B) emerging (C) stagnant (D) uniform (E) redundant

31. While this field has made ______ strides in oncology, its implementation remains uneven across global healthcare systems. (A) marginal (B) superficial (C) significant (D) trivial (E) negligible

32. Ethical concerns often arise regarding data privacy and the potential for genetic discrimination, suggesting that the scientific benefits cannot be viewed in ______ from the legal and social frameworks that govern them. (A) isolation (B) tandem (C) accordance (D) collaboration (E) conjunction

33. Furthermore, researchers must ensure that the datasets used to train diagnostic algorithms are diverse, as a lack of representation can lead to ______ outcomes for marginalized populations. (A) optimal (B) desirable (C) impartial (D) transparent (E) skewed

34. As we move forward, the medical community must ______ equity to ensure that the fruits of biotechnological innovation are accessible to all. (A) debunk (B) alleviate (C) pacify (D) prioritize (E) obfuscate

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39. The checklist was primarily designed to ______. (A) reduce viral transmission in hospitals (B) alleviate hospital cafeteria complaints (C) reduce surgical complications during operations (D) reduce diagnostic delays in emergency rooms (E) minimize medication errors at discharge

40. Why did the researchers caution against overinterpreting the documentation results? It is because ______. (A) adherence can change after discharge for multiple reasons (B) fewer discrepancies always imply perfect adherence (C) checklists eliminate the need for patient education (D) discharge summaries are never written in hospitals (E) side effects cannot affect medication schedules

41. The team recommended adding follow-up calls mainly to ______. (A) replace written instructions entirely (B) increase hospital admission rates (C) improve continuity of care and support correct medication use (D) discourage patients from reporting side effects (E) reduce the number of prescribed medications to zero

42. What is the goal of "Stewardship Programs"? (A) To ban all antibiotics (B) To increase agricultural production (C) To optimize current drug use (D) To lower the cost of surgery (E) To develop herbal alternatives

43. Why is the success of cancer chemotherapy threatened by AMR? (A) Chemotherapy causes bacteria to grow. (B) Chemotherapy requires effective antibiotics to manage secondary infections. (C) Chemotherapy is a type of antimicrobial. (D) AMR makes chemotherapy drugs toxic. (E) AMR prevents the growth of cancer cells.

44. The word "mitigating" in the text most nearly means ______. (A) ignoring (B) lessening (C) enhancing (D) observing (E) advocating

45. How does global trade affect AMR? (A) It facilitates the rapid spread of resistant strains. (B) It provides better medicine. (C) It reduces the need for antibiotics. (D) It increases the price of diagnostics. (E) It restricts the development of new drugs.

46. Which statement is true according to his passage? (A) Big data is simply large amounts of data collected and open to the public. (B) "Big data" is termed as "the new oil" because it emits carbon as huge as oil does. (C) Data protection only concerns the retrieval of the data sources. (D) Big data is valuable information available that can be used by companies to assess how well they perform and how they could improve. (E) The advantage of data leveraging is meeting customer needs.

47. What is the meaning of "unprecedented" in the second paragraph? (A) increasing (B) enormous (C) unparalleled (D) scarce (E) unscrupulous

48. What is data anonymisation? (A) coding identities (B) removing identities (C) confirming identities (D) maintaining original identities (E) faking identities

49. Why are so few UK residents concerned about how their data is used? (A) There is a lack of understanding surrounding data. (B) Their data is not generally used. (C) They have implicit confidence in the uses of their data. (D) The privacy policies have been succinctly written for the ease of reading. (E) Data has been safeguarded by appropriate measures.

50. Which is NOT mentioned in the passage regarding what companies must commit to moving forward? (A) Transparency of the scope of using personal data. (B) They should comply with the policies. (C) They should specify how data may affect the individuals. (D) Ethical issues should be taken into consideration. (E) They need to enact policies that are as sophisticated as the technology.