複選題

19. Which of the following statement regarding the "Cell Cycle" is CORRECT?
(A) DNA is replicated in S phase.
(B) The G₁ phase is the interval between mitosis and the onset of DNA replication.
(C) These nondividing cells (which may physiologically be extremely active) are in the G₂ phase.
(D) The G₀ phase is the interval between the termination of DNA replication and the onset of mitosis.
(E) During M phase, chromosomes and cytoplasm are partitioned into two daughter cells.

15. Supercoiling is necessary for packaging of bacterial DNA. The enzymes that insert or remove supercoils are named: (A) Topoisomerases (B) Polymerases (C) Ligases (D) Helicases (E) Endonuclease

複選題16. RNA polymerases synthesize a new strand of nucleic acid that is complementary to one of the chromosomal DNA strands. Which of the following statements regarding RNA POLYMERASE is CORRECT? (A) RNA polymerases synthesize a strand of ribonucleotides. (B) Like DNA polymerase, RNA polymerases initiates transcription with a primer. (C) Unlike replication, the newly transcribed sequences do not remain base-paired with the template but are displaced after reaching a length of about 10 nucleotides. (D) Most eukaryotes have three different RNA polymerases, including RNA polymerase I, II, and III. (E) RNA Polymerase II is responsible for transcription of mRNA.

17. Which cytoskeleton filament supports slender protrusions of plasma membrane called microvilli or filopodia? (A) Myosin (B) Intermediate filament (C) Actin (D) Microtubule (E) Dynamin

複選題18. Which of the following statements regarding molecular biology techniques are CORRECT? (A) Southern blotting for detection of specific RNA sequences (B) Northern blotting for detection of specific DNA sequences (C) Western blotting for detection of protein expression levels (D) PCR for amplification of specific DNA sequences (E) Chromatin immunoprecipitation for detection of specific proteins that are associated with specific genomic regions

20. Which of the following mobile DNAs moves by using an intermediate RNA form? (A) LINES (Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements) (B) Endogenous retrovirus (C) Transposon (D) Retrotransposon (E) LTR retroelements

複選題21. Which of the following is/are a component of a ribonucleotide? (A) Deoxyribose (B) Phosphate group (C) Uracil (D) Adenine (E) Thymine

複選題22. Which of the following modifications found on amino acids is/are also used to modify nucleic acids? (A) Phosphorylation (B) Glycosylation (C) Methylation (D) Fatty acid modification (E)Hydroxylation

複選題23. Which of the following statements is/are known to be part of signal transduction cascade? (A) phosphorylation of fibronectin (B) dissociation of the components of a heterotrimeric G-protein (C) enzymatic breakdown of phosphatidyl inositol bisphosphate (PIP2) (D) elevation of intracellular [Ca2+] (E)activation of cGMP phosphodiesterase

複選題24. Which of the following is/are characteristic of a eukaryotic enhancer element? (A) It may be found as far as 1 to 2 kilobase from the promoter. (B) Its activity is dependent on its distance from the start site of transcription. (C) It may be positioned at the 5' end or the 3' end of the gene. (D) Its activity is dependent of its orientation. (E)It increases the level of transcription of genes under its control.

複選題25. Which of the following is/are NOT a feature of miRNAs? (A) The enzyme that catalyzes the initial processing of miRNAs in the nucleus is Dicer. (B) Primary miRNA transcripts have internal complementary sequences capable of forming hairpin structures. (C) Precursor miRNAs have internal complementary sequences capable of forming hairpin structures. (D) miRNAs are exported to nuclease in their single-stranded form. (E)Precursor miRNAs are approximately 60-70 nucleotides long.