47. Serine can be converted directly into pyruvate. The reaction, catalyzed by serine dehydratase, requires the coenzyme:
(A) pyridoxal phosphate (PLP).
(B) biotin.
(C) .
(D) tetrahydrofolate.
(E) nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD).

43. Which of the following statements regarding plasmid cloning vectors is     correct    ? (1) Foreign DNA fragments up to 30,000 base pairs cannot be cloned in a typical plasmid vector. (2) Plasmid vectors must carry promoters for inserted gene fragments. (3) The copy number of plasmids may vary from a few to several hundred. (4) In the laboratory, microinjection is commonly used to introduce recombinant plasmids into bacterial cells. (5) The replication origin (ori sequence) in plasmid cloning vectors is a sequence required for packaging recombinant plasmids into bacteriophage. (A) 1 and 2. (B) 3 and 5. (C) 1, 2, and 4. (D) 1 and 3. (E) 3 only.

44. Which of the following sequences is required in an expression vector (for use with E. coli) that is     not     essential in a general cloning plasmid? (1) replication origin (2) a bacterial promoter and its associated operator (3) a ribosomal binding site (4) a transcription termination sequence (5) antibiotic resistance gene (A) 1 and 2. (B) 2, 4, and 5. (C) 2, 3, and 4. (D) 2 and 4. (E) 2 only.

45. Many important neurotransmitters are primary or secondary amines, derived from amino acids through decarboxylation. For example, glutamate decarboxylation gives rise to y-aminobutyrate (GABA). These amino acid decarboxylation reactions require the coenzyme: (A) pyridoxal phosphate (PLP). (B) biotin. (C) . (D) tetrahydrofolate. (E) nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD).

46. The enzymes having the prosthetic group of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) participate in a variety of reactions at the a carbons of amino acids. These reactions include: (1) racemization (2) decarboxylation (3) transmination (4) methylation (5) acetylation (A) 3 and 4. (B) 1, 2, and 3. (C) 3 and 5. (D) 1 and 3. (E) 3 only.

48. Which of the following descriptions about human metabolism is    correct   ? (1) The Cori cycle is the synthesis of alanine from pyruvate in skeletal muscle and the synthesis of pyruvate from alanine in liver. (2) Glucokinase in the liver acts in the conversion of liver glycogen to glucose 1-phosphate. (3) The largest energy store in a well-nourished human is liver glycogen. (4) Among its numerous metabolic effects, the protein leptin makes muscle and liver cells more sensitive to insulin. (5) The hormone insulin decreases appetite. (A) 1 and 4. (B) 2 and 5. (C) 1 and 3. (D) 4 and 5. (E) 4 only.

49. The enzyme telomerase uses mechanisms that involve: (A) repeating sequences at the telomeres. (B) having RNA oligonucleotides to act as templates as part of the enzyme. (C) allowing the end of the chromosome to get a little shorter each time a cell divides. (D) both repeating sequences at the end of chromosomes and RNA oligonucleotides to act as templates as part of the enzyme. (E) All of the above.

50. To study the function of the essential cytosolic Hsc70 genes in yeast, researchers constructed a shuttle vector in which a copy of the Hsc70 gene was ligated to the GAL1 promoter. The vector was then introduced into haploid yeast cells in which all four copies of the Hsc70 genes had been disrupted. Following introduction of the vector, you would expect that: (A) the yeast cells would grow on both glucose and galactose media. (B) the yeast cells would grow on glucose but not galactose medium. (C) the yeast cells would grow on galactose but not glucose medium. (D) on transfer to either glucose or galactose medium, the vector-carrying cells would eventually stop growing because of insufficient Hsc70 activity. (E) None of the above.

1. 霍桑實驗推翻科學管理學派的哪項主張？ (A)金錢與嚴格分工能提高產量 (B)非正式團體無影響力 (C)個人需求與組織目標無關 (D)權力集中化是必要條件

2. 依據學者 Fiedler 權變理論，影響學校領導行為的「情境有利性」不包括下列何者？ (A)領導者與成員間的關係 (B)學校的工作結構 (C)領導者職權大小 (D)領導者專業知識

3. 各級教師組織之設立，應依何種法律申請辦理？ (A)教師法施行細則 (B)人民團體法 (C)勞動基準法 (D)教育基本法