所屬科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)◆細胞生物學
1. What is the usual extracellular ion source that can be used for animal cells to provide an electrochemical gradient during an active transport? (A) Potassium ion (B) Sodium ion (C) Proton (D) Bicarbonate ion
2. What will be the outcome if a cell being treated with ouabain ? (A) The cells will be maintained at isotonic condition (B) Due to drug block the voltage-dependent sodium channel, the cells will eventually shrink (C) Ouabain works on potassium leaking channel, cells will swell (D) Due to Na+-K+ pump blockade, high solutes within the cells will drive in water and cells will eventually swell and burst
3. Which of the following statement best describes the sodium pump (Na*-K+ ATPase)? (A) A major P-type transporter to adjust the imbalance of Nat and K+ concentration inside and outside the cell due to action potential (B) It pumps out 2 sodium ions in exchange of 3 potassium ions into the cytosol (C) The pump is a symporter (D) The operation of the pump is a Nat-dependent dephorsphorylation and K⁺-dependent phosphorylation
4. What defines the start and termination of a 'chemical transmission' during a process of neuronal activation? (A) Neurotransmitter release followed by transmitter uptake (B) Neurotransmitter release and then calcium channel close (C) Receptor down-regulation followed by receptor up-regulation (D) Sodium channel open followed by receptor down-regulation
5. Which is not correct about "telomere" or chromosome end? (A) longer length in young cells (B) longer length in old cells (C) higher telomerase activity in young cells (D) lower telomerase activity in old cells
6. Which is the most appropriate statement for cancer cells?
(a) They grow depending on external signals.
(b) They may grow in foreign organs.
(c) They may grow in low nutrient.
(d) They may grow in clumps in culture. (A) abc (B) abd (C) acd (D) bcd
7. Which change is often found in cancer cells? (A) loss of chromosome stability (B) gain of chromosome stability (C) activation of tumor suppressor gene (D) inactivation of oncogene
8. Which stage of the cell cycle performs separation of chromosome duplicates? (A) G1-phase (B) S-phase (C) G2-phase (D) M-phase
9. Which skin cell type is lack of nucleus? (A) keratinized cell (B) epithelium cell (C) granular cell (D) prickle cell
10. Which is not designed to "smell" in dogs? (A) brain (B) olfactory bulbs (C) olfactory receptor on nose epithelium (D) smell epithelium neurons
11. Which cell type in adults is most multi-potent in differentiation? (A) neuron cell (B) epithelium cell (C) endothelium cell (D) fibroblast cell
12. Which statement is most proper for cell division or mitosis? (A) the duplicated chromosomes condense at late S phase. (B) the unduplicated chromosomes may arrive at the poles of the spindle and decondense at telophase. (C) an unattached chromosome to mitotic spindle will activate M-checkpoint (D) an unattached chromosome to mitotic spindle will inactivate M-checkpoint
13. What function is designed to clean unwanted or damaged cells from developing animal body? (A) growth arrest (B) differentiation (C) aging (scenescence) (D) programmed cell death (apoptosis)
14. Which statement is not correct for programmed cell death (apoptosis)? (A) can be induced by anticancer drugs in tumor cells (B) can be induced by anticancer drugs in normal cells (C) not required for embryo development (D) occurs in adult brain
15. Which statement is least or not true about angiogenesis? (A) occurs during repair of bone damage. (B) occurs in expansion of tumor cell mass. (C) responsive to vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) (D) not triggered or enhanced by low oxygen concentration.
16. Which statement is most proper for the activation of "cell cycle checkpoint"? (A) inhibited by unattached chromosome (B) inhibited by DNA damage (C) activated by DNA damage (D) activated by apoptosis
17. Which of the following statements about meiosis and mitosis is not correct? (A) Meiosis occurs during the gametogenesis only. (B) Mitosis does not occur during gametogenesis. (C) Crossing-over does not occur during mitosis. (D) Nuclear envelop once disappeared during both mitosis and meiosis.
18. The mitotic spindles are made through the polymerization of (A) tubulin (B) actin (C) DNA (D) collagen molecules.
19. The crossing-over occurs between each pair of homologous autosomes (A) and between X and Y chromosomes (B) but does not involve Y chromosomes (C) during mitosis of spermatogonia (D) during mitosis of oogonia
20. Passage of cultured epithelial cells needs suspension of cells in the presence of EDTA. Which of the following is affected by addition of EDTA, resulting in loss of cell - cell attachment? (A) Lectin (B) N-CAM (C) E-cadherin (D) Mannose receptor
21. Desmosome are enriched in which of the following tissue prone to cell abrasion? (A) Simple squamous epithelium (B) Stratified squamous epithelium (C) Transitional epithelium (D) Simple columnar epithelium
22. The imperfection of the triple helix structure of collagen is caused by the mutation in which of the following amino acid ? (A) Arginine (B) Lysine (C) Cystein (D) Glycine
23. Concerning the formation of robust cell-cell adhesion through interaction of cadherin family with actin cytoskeleton, which of the following structure in cadherin is important for this interaction? (A) Cytoplasmic domain (B) Transmembrane domain (C) External amino domain (D) External carboxyl domain
24. Which of the following " INTEGRIN" family is responsible for cell attachment to general extracellular matrix components ? (A) 1 family (B) 2 family (C) 3 family (D) 4 family
25. What's the molecular mechanism by which vinblastin inhibits cell division? (A) Prevent microtubule polymerization (B) Prevent actin polymerization (C) Stabilize mictrotubule (D) Stabilize actin filament
26. The basic structure unit for formation of the intermediate filament is (A) Monomer (B) Dimer (C) Tetramer (D) Octamer
27. Which of the following cytoskeletal element is non-polar in terms for structure organization? (A) Actin filament (B) Intermediate filament (C) Microtubule (D) Myosin filament
28. David is analyzing a novel cytoskeletal structure that can be disrupted by addition of cytocalasin D into cell culture. To what kind of cellular structure is it related? (A) microtubule (B) actin (C) keratin (D) desmin
29. The recognition of foreign antigens by adaptive immune system is highly specific. This is due to: (A) The broad range of receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns. (B) The MHC polymorphism among human population. (C) The diverse outcome generated from cascade of complement activation. (D) The diverse antigen receptors on B cells and T cells.
30. How do we defend the commensal microbes and microorganisms that we ingest every meal? (A) By immunity established from vaccination. (B) By taking antibiotics. (C) By innate immunity, including natural antimicrobial compounds, acids and enzymes to clear the microbes. (D) By inducing adaptive immunity to kill each microbe specifically.
31. The effector of opsonization is (A) Natural killer cells. (B) Phagocytes. (C) B cells. (D) T cells.
32. Which of these pairs are mismatched? (A) MHC class I: antigen-presenting cells. (B) IL12: Th1. (C) IL4: Th2. (D) Perforin: CTL.
33. Which of the following membrane would have the lowest protein/lipid ratio? (A) RBC plasma membrane (B) myelin cell plasma membrane (C) sacroplasmic reticulum (D) mitochondrial inner membrane
34. Which of the following phospholipids will externalize to the outer membrane leaflet during apoptosis? (A) phosphatidylcholine (B) phosphatidylethanolamine (C) phosphatidylserine (D) sphingomyelin
35. Which of the following statements is not true about the membrane of human red cells? (A) membranes are composed of macromolecules. (B) its components are asymmetrically oriented. (C) specific membrane functions are mostly mediated by membrane proteins. (D) membrane is fluid.
36. Which of the following techniques is commonly used to separate various membrane proteins? (A) differential centrifugation (B) thin layer chromatography (C) flow cytometry (D) HPLC
37. Gastrulation is an universal mechanism of animal development, and mainly involves (A) cell proliferation (B) cell specification (C) cell growth (D) cell movement
38. In animal development, different organisms contain same cell types, such as muscle, gut cells, but develop into different body structures. Development achieves this mainly by which mechanism? (A) Different arrangement of regulatory modules (B) coding regions of homologous genes are different (C) Their genomes are different (D) Gastrulation occurs at different time schedule
39. Which of the following mechanism cannot generate different cell types? (A) asymmetric division (B) transplant determined cells from donor to host (C) rearrange cell position within the embryo (D) inductive interaction
40. Which one of the following methods is the most appropriate one used to monitor and quantify cell cycle progression? (A) Western Blot (B) FISH (C) Flow Cytometry (D) Northern Blot
41. Which one of the following reagents is not used for immunoprecipitation? (A) Antibodies (B) Protein A-beads (C) Protein G-beads (D) Proteases
42. Which one of the following methodologies could not be applied to study protein-protein interaction? (A) cDNA microarray (B) Co-immunoprecipitation (C) Yeast two-hybrid (D) Confocal microscopy
43. Studies have shown that the nuclear localization signal (NLS) is in the peptide sequences. These are recognition sequences rich in (A) lysine and arginine (B) alanine and leucine (C) proline and aspartate (D) serine and isoleucine
44. Which is not required for protein import from the cytosol into mitochondria? (A) ATP (B) proton gradient (C) cytosolic Hsp70 (D) green fluorescence proteins
(a) endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
(b) Golgi apparatus?
阿摩線上測驗
登入