110年 - 110 國立臺灣大學_碩士班暨碩士在職專班招生考試_心理學系:統計、心理測驗、心理實驗法#111203

選擇題 (25)

1在變異數分析中,對比(contrast)常被用於檢驗特定的兩組平均數,或特定的多組平均數的線性組合。下列關於對比的說法,何者不正確?(A)以Ftest檢驗對比時,分子的自由度為參與比較的平均數個數減1(B)對比的檢定公式與t test不同之處在於分母(C)趨勢分析是對比的應用(D)如果有k組平均數,在進行兩兩平均數相比時,則可以找到k-1組彼此獨立的對比。

2.以下何者不是迴歸分析的假設?(A)依變項應為連續變項(B)殘差為常態分配(C)預測項應為連續變項(D)殘差預測沒有相關。

3.下列何者只適用於2x2列聯表?(A)Wicoxonsigm (B)Cramer's Vtest (C)X²test (D) Fisher's Exact test

4.某大學熱門科系採用「學校推薦」和「個人申請」兩種人學方式。下表為去年度該系對入學許可的審核結果(數字為人數),請問下列何者敘述不為真?
(A)以錄取率來看,個人申請對比學校推薦的 odds ratio為1(B)卡方檢定顯示錄取與否與入學方式有關(C)以錄取率來看,個人申請對比學校推薦的 risk ratio為1(D)Phi相關為0。

5.關於假說檢定,下列何者敘述為真?(A)兩個類似實驗相互比較，A 實驗結果顯示p值達0.05顯著,B實驗結果照示p值達0.001顯著,表示A 實驗的效果強於B實驗(B)effectize 大power愈大 (C)p值不願時,要報告power(D)powerc和sample size無關。

6.某生進行統計實驗,他抛擲一枚硬幣100次並發現一共出現80次正面。下列敘述何者為假? (A)所觀察之數據符合二項分配(B)x =0.05時,可以拒絕該硬幣出現正面機率為0.5的虛無假設 (C)該硬幣出現正面次数的95%信賴區間約為68至92之間(D)此例可以常態分配為近似分配進行計算假說檢驗。

7.關於Pearson'sr,下列敘述何者有誤?(A)它是標準化的共變數(B)以t test檢定時,自由度為-2,n為樣本數(C)迴歸模型Zy=βZx中,z代表z分數,為變項x和變項y之間的相關係數(D)變項必須為連續變項。

8.某生欲檢驗其聰明藥能否有效增進老鼠跑迷津的習效果。他操弄由低至高的三種藥劑量,並以各情境下老鼠完成跑迷津的反應時間為依變項,發現中劑量時反應時間最低,其餘兩個劑量下反應時間都比中劑量下更長。請問下列敘述何者正確?(A)可以用迴歸模型RT=b0+b1Dose說明所觀察到的現象 (B)可以用趨勢分析說明所觀察到的現象(C)本實驗數據不適合趨勢分析(D)本實驗數據不適合迴歸分析。

9.下列有關卡方獨立性檢定的敘述何者有誤?(A)不能進行雙尾檢定(B)每一細格内的觀察次數不可小於5(C)每個觀察值需獨立於其它觀察值(D)若細格內期望次數小時,要進行Ye'scorrection ㆍ

複選題
10.有關抽樣分配的描述下列者正確?(A)只要樣本數夠大,就會於常態分配(B)樣本來自單一母群和樣本來自兩個母群时,標準差不同(C)平均數為母群平均數的不偏估計數,標準差也是(D)抽樣分配保有母群分配的形狀。

複選題

11. 下列各組中,那些組應該會有交互作用?
(A)乙丙(B)丙丁(C)甲乙(D)甲丁。

12.若父親異於常人地高,則孩子往往沒父親那麼高,請問這和哪個統計原則有關?(A)迴歸原則(B)大數法則(C)中央極限定理(D)隨機抽樣原則。

13.某生欲以ttest比較四组均數m₁,m₂m₃和m₄,請問下列說法何者正確?(A)每次檢定時, a值都應設為0.01(B)若各組母群變異數,則無法用t test(C)若為受試者內設計,則不用變小(D)當進行m₁-m₂和m₃-m₄兩個比較時,a值不用變小。

14.箱形圖(box plot)中,每個箱子内的線段代表的是?(A)平均數(B)第一四分位數(C)中位數(D)第二四分數。

15.當n→∞，np維持固定時,下列何者為二項分配(事件發生機率為p)的近似分配?(A)常態分配(B)指數分配(C)波松分配(D)F分配。

16. Which of the following is a disadvantage of using a within-subjects design? (A) treatment order may have an effect on the dependent variable (B) the experimental and control groups may not be equivalent to one another (C) the variability due to participants cannot be estimated statistically (D) a large number of participants is required

17. In a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) function, chance performance is represented by (A) Steven's function. (B) β (C) the bell-shaped curve. (D) the diagonal.

18. Priming occurs when (A) a warning signal notifies the participant that an experimental trial is about to begin. (B) a participant in an experiment is told in advance what to expect during the experiment. (C) a perceptual event biases an observer to perceive a subsequent event in a particular way. (D) the perception of a stimulus is prevented through the use of masking.

19. An experimenter obtained the following reaction times for three tasks:
Task 1: 250 msec
Task 2: 350 msec
Task 3: 500 msec
Donders' subtractive method predicts that Task 1 is the________task， Task 2 is the______task，and Task 3 is the _________task. (A) A (simple) reaction； C reaction； B (choice) reaction (B) B reaction； C reaction； A reaction (C) A reaction； B reaction； C reaction (D) B reaction； A reaction； C reaction

20 . According to the theory of signal detection, perceptual judgments involve (A) decision processes only. (B) sensory processes only. (C) an absolute threshold. (D) both sensory and decision processes.

21 . When a confound exists in an experiment, it places restrictions on (A) statements made about causation. (B) the statistical significance of the results. (C) interpretations of the interactions. (D) interpretations of the main effects.

22 Central bottleneck explanations for the psychological refractory period predict that (A) there should be no difference in response time to the second of two stimuli presented in quick succession as the time between the two stimuli varies. (B) the time to respond to the second of two stimuli presented in quick succession will be longer as the time between the two stimuli becomes shorter. (C) the time to respond to the second of two stimuli presented in quick succession will be longer as the time between the two stimuli becomes longer. (D) the time to respond to the first oftwo stimuli presented in quick succession will be longer as the time between the two stimuli becomes shorter.

23. In psychological research, scale attenuation refers to situations in which (A) an independent variable has an effect that is the same at all levels of the second independent variable. (B) performance in two conditions is equivalent. (C) a measurement scale is too restricted to measure differences between conditions. (D) a particular result will not generalize across several dimensions.

24. Multiple choice tests are similar to ________ tests, and essay tests are similar to ________tests.(A) forced choice recognition； serial recall (B) yes/no recognition； serial recall (C) forced choice recognition； free recall (D) yes/no recognition； free recall

25. Ebbinghaus completed pioneering experiments on (A) human problem solving. (B) animal learning. (C) human learning and memory. (D) human physiology.