115年 - [無官方正解]115 國立臺灣大學_ 碩士班招生考試試題：植物學#137648

1.When the members of a group have two or more ancestors, that group is said to be: (A) Phylogenetic. (B) Paraphyletic. (C) Monophyletic (D) Polyphyletic. (E) Amphiphyletic.

2. In secondary endosymbiosis, a ______ is engulfed by a eukaryotic host. (A) Cyanobacterial cell. (B) Mitochondrion. (C) Cell containing a primary plastid. (D) Cell containing a secondary secondary plastid. (E) Cell containing a tertiary plastid.

3. Which algal group has sieve-element-like conducting cells? (A) Green algae (B) Brown algae (C) Red algae (D) Dinoflagellates (E) Diatoms

4. Red algae differ from green algae primarily in their: (A) Chlorophyll type (B) Storage carbohydrate (C) Cell wall composition (D) Accessory pigments

5. The dikaryotic stage in fungi results from: (A) Karyogamy (B) Meiosis (C) Plasmogamy (D) Sporulation

6. In the ascomycete life cycle, meiosis takes place within a (n): (A) Sporangium (B) Ascus (C) Conidium (D) Conidiophore (E) Antheridium

7. A lichen is a symbiotic relationship between which two organisms? (A) A fungus and a moss (B) A fungus and an alga or cyanobacteria ugus ad an aige (C) A plant and a fungus .Aprataup a (D) An alga and a protozoan (E) An alga and a moss

8. What advantage does alternation of generations provide to land plants? (A) Allows mobility for gametes (B) Produces genetically identical offspr (C) Ensures survival through both haploid and diploid stages (D) Eliminates the need for fertilization

9. Which feature best distinguishes bryophytes from vascular plants with respect to life-cycle dominance? (A) Bryophytes possess a dominant sporophyte with vascular tissues (B) Bryophytes rely onon seeds for embryo nourishment (C) Bryophytes have a dominant gametophyte generation that supports a dependent sporophyte (D) Bryophytes exhibit equal dominance of both generations 

10. Which group represents the earliest lineage in which true vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) first evolved, enabling efficient long-distance transport of water and nutrients? (A) Bryophytes A Brvonhytes (B) Lycophytes (C) Angiosperms (D) Algae

11. The major evolutionary advantage of seeds is that they: (A) Eliminate the need for water (B) Allow embryo protection and dispersal (C) Increase photosynthetic efficiency (D) Reduce chromosome number

12. Which innovation most directly enabled plants to colonize dry terrestrial habitats? (A) Flagellated sperm (B) Cuticle and stomata (C) Alternation of generations (D) Chloroplasts

13. Which molecules are produced during the Calvin cycle? (A) głucose, ADP, (B) glucose, ADP, , CO₂ ATP NA (C) ATP, NADPH, O₂ (D) ATP, NADPH, CO₂

14. Microphylls are typically associated with: (A) Eustele (B) Siphonostele (C) Protostele . (D) Atactostele

15. Deficiency symptoms of nitrogen appear first in older leaves because nitrogen is: (A) Required only in young tissues (B) Immobile in the phloem (C) Mobile and reallocated to young tis:issues (D) Stored permanently in vacuoles

16. Which structure is NOT part of an angiosperm flower? (A) Stamen (B) Carpel (C) Archegonium (D) Ovary

17. Which nutrient is an essential structural component of the chlorophyll molecule and is directly involved in capturing light energy during photosynthesis? (A) Iron (B)s. Magnesium agiess (C) Nitrogen (D) Potassium

18. Water potential is determined by which two major components? (A) Solute potential and gravity potential (B) Pressure potential and solute potential (C) Pressure potential and gravity potential (D) Osmotic potential and temperature

19. The Casparian strip functions primarily to: (A) Increase water uptake efficiency (B) Prevent apoplastic flow into the stele (C) Facilitate phloem loading (D) Strengthen root cortex

20. According to the pressure-flow hypothesis, phloem transport is driven mainly by: (A) Diffusion along concentration gradients (B) Transpiration pull (C) Turgor pressure dif differences (D) Active transport in sieve elements

21. In CAM plants, CO₂ is first fixed: (A) During the day by Rubisco (B) At night by PEP carboxylase (C) In bundle sheath cells (D) In chloroplast stroma only

22. Photorespiration increases under which condition? (A) High CO₂, low O₂ (B) Low CO₂, high O₂ (C) Low temperature (D) Low light intensity

23. Source-sink relationships in plants are primarily determined by: (A) Leaf age only (B) Distance Baaga between organs (C) Relative sink strength (D) Transpiration rate

24. Gibberellin promotes stem elongation primarily through which molecular mechanism? (A) Increasing cell division in the cambium (B) Degradation of DELLA proteins (C) Enhancing auxin biosynthesis (D) Inducing programmed cell death

25. Which statement best explains how auxin establishes directional growth during tropic responses? (A) Auxin promotes uniform cell division across the organ (B) Auxin inhibits elongation on the shaded side (C) Polar auxin transport creates asymmetric auxin distribution (D) Auxinn accumulation suppresses proton pump activity