38.

48. According to the passage, historical studies of race and slavery in early America that were produced during the 1980s differed from studies of that subject produced prior to the 1980s in that the studies produced during the 1980s... (A) gave more attention to the experiences of enslaved women. (B) gave less attention to the cultures of enslaved people. (C) were read by more scholars in other fields. (D) were more concerned with the institutions and ideologies that perpetuated racial prejudice in postcolonial America. (E) made direct comparisons between the subordination of White women and the subordination of African American people.

49. In Passage 1, Tocqueville implies that treatment of men and women as identical in nature would have which consequence? (A) Neither sex would feel oppressed. (B) Both sexes would be greatly harmed. (C) Men would try to reclaim their lost authority. (D) Men and women would have privileges they do not need.

50. In Passage 2, Mill most strongly suggests that gender roles are resistant to change because they (A) have long served as the basis for the formal organization of society. (B) can be influenced by legislative reforms only indirectly. (C) are matters of deeply entrenched tradition. (D) benefit the groups and institutions currently in power.

51. Which choice best describes the ways that the two authors conceive of the individual's proper position in society? (A) Tocqueville believes that an individual's position should be defined in important ways by that individual's sex, while Mill believes that an individual's abilities should be the determining factor. (B) Tocqueville believes that an individual's economic class should determine that individual's position, while Mill believes that class is not a legitimate consideration. (C) Tocqueville believes that an individual's temperament should determine that individual's position, while Mill believes that temperament should not be a factor in an individual's position. (D) Tocqueville believes that an individual's position should be determined by what is most beneficial to society, while Mill believes it should be determined by what an individual finds most rewarding.

52. In the second paragraph of Passage 1, the commands given by Beveridge mainly serve to (A)remind the audience of its civic responsibilities. (B)anticipate the benefits of a proposed policy. (C)emphasize the urgency of a national problem. (D)refute arguments that opponents have advanced.

53. It can reasonably be inferred from Passage 2 that Bryan considers the preference for national sovereignty over foreign rule to be a (A)reaction to the excesses of imperial governments in the modern era. (B)sign that the belief in human equality is widespread. (C)testament to the effects of the foreign policy of the United States. (D)manifestation of an innate drive in humans toward self-rule.

54. Which choice best describes a central difference between how Beveridge (Passage 1) and Bryan (Passage 2) view the concept of liberty as it is realized in the United States? (A) Beveridge presents it as the direct inheritance of European colonization, whereas Bryan presents it as a sharp break from earlier governments in Europe. (B) Beveridge considers it so exemplary as to justify conquest of other regions, whereas Bryan warns that its exemplary quality would be undermined by imperial expansion. (C) Beveridge argues that it arose organically as the United States matured, whereas Bryan argues that it was present from the country's beginnings. (D) Beveridge regards it as a model that should be shared with other countries, whereas Bryan believes that it is unique to the United States and could not work elsewhere.

55. It can most reasonably be inferred from Passage 2 that Bryan would criticize the vision of American governance of island territories that Beveridge presents in Passage 1 for being (A) unrealistic, since most Americans would be unwilling to relocate to distant islands. (B) deceptive, since economic domination would be the true goal of the American government. (C) impractical, since the islanders would insist upon an equal distribution of resources. (D) naive, since the islanders would object to being governed by Americans.

56. What is the overall theme of the passage? (A)To convince the reader to pursue engineering and pulverize other career goals. (B) To demonstrate the value of engineering and highlight the field's contributions. (C) To give in-depth examples of how biomedical engineering has improved life for the majority. (D) To provide context for how even small do-it-yourself home projects should be approached with an engineer's mindset.

57. As used in line 10.“ stewards” most nearly means (A)curators (B) attendants (C)assistants (D) guardians

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