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46. According to paragraph 2, what evidence indicates that aggression in animals is related to the hypothalamus? (A) Animals who lack a hypothalamus display few aggressive tendencies. (B) Some aggressive animal species have a highly developed hypothalamus. (C) Animals behaving aggressively show increased activity in the hypothalamus. (D) Electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus delays animals’ inborn reaction patterns.

47. According to Darwin’s theory of evolution, members of a species are forced to struggle for survival because ___________. (A) not all individuals are skilled in finding food (B) individuals try to defend their young against attackers (C) individuals with certain genes are more likely to reach adulthood (D) many more individuals are born than can survive until the age of reproduction

48. The word “gratify” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to __________________. (A) identify (B) modify (C) satisfy (D) simplify

49. According to paragraph 5, Freud believed that children experience conflict between a desire to vent aggression on their parents and ___________________________. (A) a desire to take care of their parents (B) a desire to vent aggression on other family members (C) a fear that their parents will refuse to buy them toys (D) a fear that their parents will punish them and stop loving them

50. According to paragraphs 7 and 8, all of the following may influence the decision whether to act aggressively EXCEPT a person’s _________________________________. (A) moral values (B) instinct to avoid aggression (C) previous experiences with aggression (D) beliefs about other people’s intentions