14. 有關 Post-Herpetic neuralgia (PHN) 導致相關症狀，下列何者描述最不適合？
(A) Ongoing pain at rest
(B) Brush-evoked pain
(C) Joint hyperalgesia
(D) Heat-hyperalgesia
(E) Cold-hyperalgesia

10. Adjuvant analgesics are often prescribed for managing caner pain, but which of the following drug – indication is not considered ? (A) NSAIDs for Soft tissue pain (B) Anticonvulsants for Neuropathic pain (C) Steroids for Soft tissue pain (D) Baclofen for Muscle spasm (E) Benzodiazepines for Muscle spasm

11. The innervation of deep somatic tissue like muscle and joint is quite complex. Which of the following description is not appropriate? (A) The nociceptors are predominantly activated by non-physiological stimuli which may cause damage to the structures (e.g. overload, twisting, strong pressure, ischemic contraction). (B) During inflammation or after trauma, nociceptors of joint and muscle show pronounced sensitization, in particular for mechanical stimuli. (C) Descending inhibition is enhanced during chronic inflammation but seems to be normalized during acute inflammation. (D) Both primary afferent fibers as well as sympathetic reflexes may aggravate inflammatory lesions. (E) Reduced release of hormones from the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis such as cortisol, adrenal androgens and testosterone may cause a relative loss of anti-inflammatory activity.

12. Pain disorder may result in the sleep problem, and which of the sleep pattern is not often seen in patients: (A) acute pain following surgical procedures is associated with reduced and fragmented sleep (B) acute postsurgical pain may result in diminished amounts of slow wave and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (C) patients with chronic pain may suffered from reduced sleep efficiency and altered sleep architecture (increased wakefulness and stage 1 non-REM sleep) (D) subjects subjected to noxious stimuli during all stages of sleep will demonstrate a sleep awakening response and a moderate level of cortical arousal. (E) all of the above are common found in pain patients

13. 治療 Postamputation pain 下列用藥，何者最不適合？ (A) Imipramine (B) Gabapentine (C) Pregabalin (D) Memantine (E) Tramadol

15. 有關 Post-stroke pain 之疼痛症狀類型中，下列描述何者最不適合？ (A) Central post-stroke pain 屬於 neuropathic type (B) Shoulder pain 不屬於 neuropathic type (C) Musculoskeletal pain 不屬於 neuropathic type (D) Headache 屬於 neuropathic pain (E) Spasticity 不屬於 neuropathic type

16. 有關 Common Types of Acute and Chronic Neuropathic Pain 下列敘述，何者最不適合？ (A) Trigeminal neuralgia (TN)(tic douloureux) 屬於 central neuropathic pain (B) Compressive myelopathy from spinal stenosis 屬於 central neuropathic pain (C) HIV myelopathy 屬於 central neuropathic pain (D) Multiple sclerosis-related pain 屬於 central neuropathic pain (E) Syringomyelia 屬於 central neuropathic pain

17. 有關 Post-Herpetic Neuralgia (PHN) 治療，就目前已經發表的 Clinical Trials 下列何者藥物， 效果最不明顯(negative results)？ (A) Nortriptyline (B) Carbamazepine (C) Gabapentin (D) Oxycodone (E) Lidocaine-topical

18. Which of the following site of lesion with its referral site of pain is not common? (A) Diaphragmatic irritation with Shoulder (B) Urothelial tract with Inguinal region and genitalia (C) L1–2 with Sacroiliac joint and hip (D) Pharynx with Ipsilateral ear (E) all of the above are common patterns of pain referral

19. Which of the following patterns of pain is not attributed to a typical breakthrough pain syndrome? (A) pain is exacerbated by volitional actions of the patient (B) pain is exacerbated by non-volitional events (C) exacerbations of pain associated with failure of anlagesia (D) Neuropathic non–movement-related pain (E) Visceral pain—volitional or non-volitional

20. Which of the followings is not suggested for the use of opioids for cancre pain in children? (A) Treat opioid side effects promptly. (B) Use the transdermal route first in most circumstances. (C) If side effects are bothersome with one opioid, consider switching to another one. (D) Treat constipation pre-emptively. (E) all of the above should be suggested for prescription of opioids in cancre pain in children