14. Which enzyme is responsible for excising damaged or incorrect nucleotides during base excision repair?
(A) DNA ligase
(B) DNA polymerase
(C) DNA helicase
(D) DNA glycosylase
(E) DNA topoisomerase

10. of the following is not a common intracellular second mes (A) adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (B) 1,2 diacylglycerol (DAG) (C) inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) (D) 3'-5' cyclic guanine monophosphate (cGMP) (E) Ca2+

11. Which source of stem cells has the greatest potential for producing different kinds of new stem cells? (A) Umbilical cord (B) Bone marrow (C) Inner cell mass of blastocysts (D) Fetuses (E) Ectoderm

12. Which one is a major regulator in G1 phase? (A) CDKI-cyclin B (B) CDK2-cyclin A (C) CDK2-cyclin E (D) CDK4/6-cyclin D (E) CDK7-cyclin E

複選題13. Which cell is responsible for innate immune response? (A) T cell (B) B cell (C)NK cell (D) Platelet (E) Neutrophil

15. Nectosis is often associated with: (A) Cellular shrinkage (B) Inflammatory response (C) Energy-dependent process (D) Controlled and programmed events (E) Preservation of cell structure

16. What are the advantages of monoclonal antibodies over antisera? (A) They can be produced with higher purity. (B) They have a more uniform specificity. (C) They can be produced in higher quantities. (D) They can be made against molecules that constitute only a minor component of a complex mixture. (E) All of the above.

17.The Agel restriction enzyme recognizes the sequence ACCGGT and cuts each strand between the first ( A ) and the second ( C )nucleotide. This can be represented as A|CCGGT, with the vertical bar indicating the cleavage position. If a DNA ,fragment is cut with Agel at both ends, cutting a plasmid with which of the following enzymes would then allow insertion ofthe fragment into the plasmid by simple ligation of sticky ends? (A) MroI, with the recognition sequence T|CCGGA (B) Aatl, with the recognition sequence AGG|CCT (C) BstZI, with the recognition sequence C|GGCCG (D) FseI, with the recognition sequence GGCCGG|CC (E) None of the above

18.Is sequencing, does each labeled DNA molecule have a fluorescently labeled dideoxyribonucleotide end? Do the labeled nucleotides lack the 2' or 3' hydroxyI group? (A) 3' end； 2' hydroxyl group only (B) 3' end； 3' hydroxyl group only (C) 5' end； 2' hydroxyl group only (D) 5' end； 3' hydroxyl group only (E) 3' end； both hydroxyl groups

19.The DNA-binding proteins that recognize and accurately initiate transcription at specific eukaryotic promo called: (A) enhancers (B) transcription factors (C) response elements (D) chromatin-remodeling complexes (E) All are true

20. Functional DNA is not found in: (A) bacterial nucleoids(B)chloroplasts(C)lysosomes(D) mitochondria(E)nuclei