112年 - 112 國立臺灣大學_碩士班招生考試：細胞與分子生物學#117876

1. In higher eukaryotes, which statement about a transcription activator is not true? (A) It might direct DNA methylation. (B) It might interact with chromatin-remodeling factors. (C) It might lead to H3 lysine 4 methylation. (D) It might direct histone acetylation. (E) The mediator complex forms a molecular bridge between the activator and RNA Pol II.

2. What description about micro RNAs (miRNAs) is incorrect? (A) Most miRNAs are transcribed by RNA Pol II. (B) One type of miRNAs can target to many mRNAs. (C) The mature miRNAs are about 21-22 nucleotide, which hybridize perfectly with their target mRNAs.(D)They associate with Ago protein to form RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) complex. (E) They can induce mRNA degradation or inhibit mRNA translation.

3. The exons of nuclear pre-mRNA have to be removed for mature mRNA synthesis. Which is incorrect? (A) One transesterification reaction results in splicing of exons in pro-mRNA. (B) The spliceosome is a snRNAs complex to catalyze the exon removals without ATP. (C) The splicing is preformed after thtranscription termination. (D) Only 1% of human genes undergo alternative splicing to yield different mRNAs that encode distinct proteins. (E) SR proteins contribute to exon definition.

4.Which part of the ribosome is responsible for peptidy1 transfer? (A) LSU (B) SSU (C)mRNA (D)tRNA (E) SiRNA

5.Transporting macromolecules to the nucleus through nuclear pores from the cytosol typically requires which one's help? (A) Epinephrine (B) Exportin (C) Importin (D) AMPK (E) mTOR

6. Which process mediates protein degradation? (A) Translation (B) Transcription (C)Replication (D) Ubiquitination (E) Photosynthesis

7.The sodium-potassium pump establishes concentration gradients (A) of higher sodium concentrations inside the cell and higher potassium concentrations outside the cell. (B) of sodium and potassium but the area of their concentrations depends on the needs of the cell. (C) of higher potassium concentrations inside the cell and higher sodium concentrations outside the cell. (D) of ATP inside the cell where it is needed. (E) by pumping sodium outside the cell and potassium is cotransported out as well.

8.Which of the following component(s) is NOT required for those proteins to be internalized during endocytosis? (A) cargo adaptor (B) coat protein (C) GTPase (D) translocon (E) All of above are used in the secretory pathway

9. Which of the following pathway(s) is NOT the correct description for secretory proteins during protein transport? (A) Secretory proteins move to the plasma membrane for protein expression. (B) Trans-Golgi network is thought to be the sorting hub for secretory proteins. (C) Secretory proteins can be recycled back to ER using the tyrosine-based sorting motif. (D) Secretory proteins move to ER by cotranslational transport machinery in mammalian cells. (E) All of above are correct.

10. Polymerization of collagen into large collagen fibers occurs (A) in the endoplasmic reticulum. (B) in the Golgi complex. (C) in secretory vesicles. (D) extracellularly. (E) none of the above.

11.Signaling at synapses is usually terminated by (A) calcium influx. (B) potassium influx. (C) inhibitory neurotransmitters. (D) degradation or reuptake of neurotransmitters. (E) none of the above.

12. Which repair is considered as an error-free mechanism? (A) Homologous recombination (B) Non-homologous end-joining (C) Microhomology-mediated end-joining (D) Single strand annealing (E) Transcription-coupled DNA repair

複選題
13. Which one participates in the adaptive immune response? (A) B cell (B) NK cell (C) T cell (D) Neutrophils (E) macrophages

14.Apoptosis differs from necrosis in that necrosis__________. (A) requires the reception of an extracellular signal. (B) causes DNA to fragment. (C) causes cells to swell and burst, whereas apoptotic cells shrink and condense. (D) involves a caspase cascade. (E) all of the above

15. The following methods can separate proteins based on their mass except? (A) centrifugation (B) ion exchange chromatography (C) SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (D) gel filtration chromatography (E) native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

16. While examining the crystal structure of a membrane protein, you find several phospholipid molecules bound to the protein. You know that these lipids .
(1) are thought to help stabilize many membrane proteins.
(2) may enhance the crystallization of the bound membrane proteins.
(3) interact specifically with the protein.
(4) can have head groups of various sizes and charges depending on the protein. (A) 1,2 and 3 (B) 2,3 and 4 (C) 1, 3 and 4 (D) 1 only (E) All

17. Many cells store lipids in droplets of varying sizes. These droplets ... (A) have mostly protein-free bilayer membranes. (B) are composed primarily of charged amphiphilic lipids. (C) are produced by and released from the Golgi apparatus. (D) are enclosed by a phospholipid monolayer (instead of a bilayer). (E) mostly store cholesterol and phospholipids.

18. Which of the following methods provides the most sensitive and accurate way of measuring and comparing mRNA levels of a set of genes expressed at relatively low levels in two different tissues. (A) PCR (B) Ribosome profiling (C) ChIP-seq (D) DNA microarray analysis (E) RNA-seq

19. Epigenetics is most concerned with: (A) changes in a person's genotype resulting from environmental influences. (B) the expression of a particular gene as influenced by external inputs. (C) environmental influences on gene expression over experiential influences. (D) the heritability of genotypes that have been altered over multiple generations. (E) the DNA sequences or the chromatin structures that have been altered by external inputs.

20. An RNA-dependent DNA polymerase that carries the RNA template with it to synthesize repeats at the 3'-ends of chromosomes is called: (A) DNA ligase (B) telomerase (C) DNA polymerase y (D) topoisomerase (E) DNA polymerase B

21. The steroid hormone glucocorticoid can enter cells and bind with glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to regulate gene expression. Which is incotrect? (A) GR is in the cytoplasm in the absence of glucocorticoid. (B) GR is a leucine-zipper-containing transcription factor. (C) Glucocorticoid-bound GR can form a homodimer to bind to GREs. (D) GR serves as a transcription activator or inhibitor depending on the gene context. (E) GR inhibits the expression of cytokine genes by tethering other transcription factors such as AP1 and NF-kB.

22. A diverse set of proteins with conserved RNA-binding domains associate with pre-mRNAs to assist RNA processing. Which is incorrect? (A) RRM (or RBD), KH motif and RGG box are conserved RNA-binding motifs. (B) Pre-mRNAs are associated with hnRNP proteins, contributing to splicing, polyadenylation and expott. (C) To identify hnRNP proteins, first high-dose UV irradiation causes covalent cross-links to form between RNA bases and associated protein, and are recovered by oligo-dT chromatography. (D) The specific monoclonal antibodies of idcntified hnRNP proteins are used to immunoprecipitate the hnRNP proteins complex. (E) All hnRNP proteins shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm for RNA processing.

23. There are known mechanisms for translational control associated with mRNA-specific regulation； which statement is incorrect? (A) The iron-responsive element of the mRNA.provides steric hindrance to prevent the recruitment of the pre-initiation complex. (B) Maskin and Bicoid are the two mRNA-specific eIF4G-binding proteins that prevent the interaction with eIF4E. (C) The cytoplasmic-polyadenylation-element-binding protein binds to the 3' UTR of the mRNA through associations with Maskin. (D) Bicoid binds directly to the Biocoid response element Located at the 3' UTR of the mRNA. (E) Sex-lethal binds to the uridine-rich sequences located at the 3' and 5' UTRs of mRNA that inhibits translation.

複選題
24. Regarding the mechanism of nuclear transport, which description is correct? (A) NLS are protein sequences rich in positively-charged amino acids such as lysine and arginine that regulate protein cargos out of the nucleus. (B) NES are oligonucleotides that direct protein cargos out of the nucleus. (C) Molecules with a size of more than 5,000 Daltons can enter freely into the nucleus through nuclear pore complexes. (D) The energy to transport macromolecules in or out of the nucleus is provided by the RAN ATPase cycle. (E) Macromolecules require karyopherins to enter or leave the nucleus.

25. Which of the following statement(s) is correct regarding to intracellular protein trafficking?

(1) Vesicular transport is tightly regulated by small GTPase that cycles between GDP-bound and GTP-bound state.

(2) COPII vesicles transport proteins from ER to Golgi while COPI vesicles transport proteins from Golgi to the plasma membrane.

(3) Membrane fusion step is driven by GTP hydrolysis for the dissociation of SNARE protein complexes. (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 (C) 1 and 3 (D) 2 and 3 (E) All of above are correct.

26. Which of the following statement(s) is corect regarding to protein endocytosis or exocytosis?

(1) Clathrin forms the triskelion structure for the polymerization of a polygonal lattice.

(2) The acidic pH of endosomes causes receptor-ligand complexes to dissociate. The best example to describe the phenomenon is the endocytosis of transferrin receptor.

(3) Transmission of nerve impulses at chemical synapses depends on the exocytosis of neurotransmitter-filled synaptic vesicles. (A) I and 2 (B) 2 and 3 (C) 1 and 3 (D) 3 only (E) All of above are correct.

27. Which of the following statements regarding G protein or G protein-mediated signal transduction is incotrect?
(1) Epinephrine binding to the beta-adrenergic receptor causes an activation of adenylyI cyclase through the activation of a stimulatory G protein.
(2) Gi alpha submit of the trimeric G proteins can inhibit adenylyl cyclase
(3) Gq alpha submit of the trimeric G proteins can stimulate Pl-phospholipase C (A) I and 2 (B) I and 3 (C) 2 and 3 (D) all of the above. (E) none of the above.

28. Which of the following statement about membrane potential and action potential propagation is correct?

(1) The resting potential of a typical neuron is -30 my.

(2) The resting membrane potential of animal neurons depend largely on nongated K⁺ channels.

(3) During an action potential, opening of voltage-gated Cazt channels happens first.

(4) Repolarization during the refractory period is largely due to opening of voltage-gated K⁺ channels. (A) I and 3 (B) 2 and 4 (C) 1,2 and 4 (D) 1, 3 and 4 (E) 2. 3 and 4

29. Which of the following statements regarding stem cells is incotrect?

(1) Endoderm and ectodern cells are pluripotent stem cells.

(2) Cord blood stem cells are multipotent stem cells.

(3) Lymphoid progenitors are oligopotent stem cells. (A) 1 only (B) 2 only (C) 3 only (D) 1 and 3 (E) 2 and 3

30. Which method is NOT for detecting dead cells? (A) Trypan blue (B) Annexin V (C) Ki67 (D) Comet assay (E) Cleaved caspase-3

31. Which method can determine cells at the S phase? (A) PARP1 immunoblotting (B) Cyclin D immunoblotting (C) CFSE staining (D) BrdU incorporation (E) Cohesion cleavage

32. What kind of treatment does anti-PD1 or anti-PDL1 antibody work for cancer immunotherapy? (A) mRNA vaccine (B) Immune checkpoint blockade (C) CAR-T cell therapy (D) Precision medicine (E) autoimmunity

33. Which of the following repair pathway is mainly a response for repairing DNA double-stranded breaks? (A) base excision repair (B) nucleotide excision repair (C) mismatch repair (D) homologous recombination repair (E) proofreading polymerases

34. In the large-scale production of a particular human protein in insect cells, the cDNA corresponding to the protein was modified so that the expressed protein would have six histidine residues at the C-terminus. The purpose of this modification was to (A) facilitate transfer of the cDNA into the insect cells. (B) provide a promoter for the transcription of the cDNA in insect cells. (C) facilitate purification of the expressed protein though binding to an affinity column containing chelated nickel atoms. (D) prevent degradation of the expressed protein by insect cell proteases. (E) provide the protein solubility

35. What method can be used to functionally inactivate a gene without altering its sequence? (A) gene knockout (B) RNA interference (C) dominant negative mutation (D) CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing (E) only B and C

36. Which of the following changes is more likely to further confine a membrane protein within a corral established by the cortical cytoskeletal network? (A) Binding to an extracellular ligand (B) Binding of the protein to other transmembrane proteins (C) Increased temperature (D) Protease cleavage of the cytosolic domain of the protein (E) Protease cleavage of the extracellular domain of the protein

37. Which of the following is correct regarding both Cas9 and EcoRI?
(1) They are both endonucleases.
(2) They both create double-strand breaks in DNA.
(3) They both recognize their target sequences with the help of guide RNAs.

(4) They are both part of bacterial defense mechanisms against foreign DNA.

(5) They are both greatly useful in manipulating DNA and studying gene expression. (A) 1 only (B) 1,2 and 5 (C) 2,3 and 5 (D) 1, 2, 4 and 5 (E) All

38. All are true for transcription activation except: (A) takes place when a transcriptional activator protein bound to DNA makes protein : protein contacts with RNA polymerase. (B) the degree of transcriptional activation is proportional to the strength of the protein : protein interaction. (C) a nucleotide sequence binding site for a DNA-binding protein serves as an activator site if DNA-binding protein can interact with promoter-bound RNA polymerase. (D) if the DNA-bound transcriptional activator makes contact with two different components of RNA polymerase, the transcription is markedly elevated. (E) All are true.

39. Which one of the following does not contribute to the activation of transcription in eurkaryotes? (A) SWISNF chromatin remodeling proteins (B) Histone acetyltransferases (C) Histone methylases (D) Histone deacetylases (E) Alterations in histone content

40. Enzymes that acetylate the s-amino group of lysine in the histidine tails are called_____and are involved in________. (A) histone deacetylases； restoring chromatin to a repressed state (B) histone acety1transferases (HATs)； initial events in transcriptional activation (C) histone activases； formation of the de-repression complex (D) Schiff base formation； promoting the formation of closed complexes (E) None of the above

112年 - 112 國立臺灣大學_碩士班招生考試：細胞與分子生物學#117876

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