阿摩線上測驗
17 Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
(A) Crimes against humanity appeared for the first time after the end of World War II.
(B) The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court provides the most extensive list of crimes against humanity.
(C) No individuals but the states can be tried and found responsible for engaging wars in other countries.
(D) Claims against perpetrators of crimes against humanity were brought to courts due to the principle of national jurisdiction.
統計： A(87), B(120), C(26), D(51), E(0) #2995924
詳解 (共 3 筆)
Crimes against humanity appeared for the first time in a treaty in the 1945 Nuremberg Charter at the end of the Second World War, albeit with a different definition than today.
危害人類罪首次出現在第二次世界大戰結束時的 1945 年《紐倫堡憲章》的條約中，儘管其定義與今天有所不同。
Since the 1990s, crimes against humanity have been codified編纂 in different international treaties such as the Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (1993), the Statute法令 of the International Tribunal for Rwanda(1994) and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (1998).
自 1990 年代以來，危害人類罪被編入不同的國際條約，例如前南斯拉夫問題國際刑事法庭規約（1993 年）、盧旺達問題國際法庭規約（1994 年）和國際刑事法庭羅馬規約法庭 (1998)。
The Rome Statute provides the most recent and most expansive list of specific具體 criminal acts that may constitute crimes against humanity.
《羅馬規約》提供了最新和最廣泛的可能構成危害人類罪的具體犯罪行為清單。
危害人類罪首次出現是在二戰結束後。
國際刑事法院羅馬規約提供了最廣泛的危害人類罪清單。
除了國家之外，沒有人會被審判並被認定對在其他國家發動戰爭負有責任。
根據國家管轄權原則向法院提出對危害人類罪肇事者的索賠。
Unlike other human rights violations, war crimes do not engage state responsibility but individual criminal responsibility.
與其他侵犯人權行為不同，戰爭罪不涉及國家責任，而是個人刑事責任。
This means that individuals can be tried and found personally responsible for such crimes as murder, extermination滅絕, enslavement奴役/deportation驅逐出境 or forcible transfer of population, imprisonment, torture, sexual violence, execution against an identifiable group, enforced disappearance of persons, the crime of apartheid種族隔離, and other inhumane acts of a similar character intentionally故意 causing great suffering, or serious injury to body or to mental or physical health.
這意味著個人可能會受到審判並被認定對謀殺、滅絕、奴役/驅逐出境或強迫人口遷移、監禁、酷刑、性暴力、對可識別的群體處決、強迫人員失蹤、種族隔離罪等罪行負有個人責任 ，以及其他類似性質的不人道行為，故意造成巨大痛苦，或對身體或身心健康造成嚴重傷害。
Governments around the world often deny that crimes against humanity have occurred on their territory, thus ignoring the suffering of their people. Thousands of desperate victims are still struggling to get long-waited justice, reparation賠償 and recognition.
世界各國政府往往否認在其領土上發生過危害人類罪，從而無視其人民的苦難。 成千上萬絕望的受害者仍在努力爭取期待已久的正義、賠償和承認。