19.有關β-blocker使用於心絞痛(angina)的敘述,下列何者錯誤?
(A)須避免用於血管收縮性心絞痛(vasospastic angina)的病人
(B)須避免用於反應性呼吸道疾病(reactive airway disease)的病人
(C)在周邊動脈疾病(peripheral arterial disease)的病人,cardio-selective β-blockers優於 nonselective β-blockers
(D)β-blockers的心臟選擇性與劑量相關且可預測,使用較低劑量可有效避免喪失心臟選擇性
統計: A(744), B(124), C(924), D(2115), E(0) #2623944
詳解 (共 10 筆)
Vasospastic angina: (又叫做變異性心絞痛Prinzmetal or variant angina, 主要休息時發生,特別是晚上與早起)
成因: 血管平滑肌收縮 (自主神經系統、藥物引起(Ephedrine...)、...)
治療首選: CCB (diltiazem 240-360 mg/day or amlodipine 5-10 mg QD) or nitrates
其他治療: 戒菸、Statin、Magnesium (if deficiency)
避免使用藥物: 1. Nonselective beta blockers (Exacerbate vasospasm)、
2. -triptan (associated with coronary vasospasm and myocardial infarction)
3. Fluorouracil (induce coronary artery spasm, 特別是infusion)
Angina pectoris: (活動時發生,休息可緩解
成因: 1) 心肌需氧 (4 major factor: HR、SBP (afterload)、Myocardial wall tension or stress、Myocardial contractility)
2) 供氧減少 (粥狀動脈硬化)
治療首選: Beta blockers (Target 55–60 bpm for mortality benefit) or CCB or nitrate
搭配上: Antiplatelet if stent/MI + Statin + ACEI/ARB in HTN/DM/EF<40%/CKD
附上ESC精美表格
LAN = long-acting nitrate
(C) 我在ESC guideline沒找到QQ,裡面有提到說 Importantly, beta-blockers are not contraindicated in patients with Lower extremity artery disease (LEAD), as they do not alter walking capacity in patients with mild to moderate LEAD. In an observational study, patients with LEAD and prior MI and taking beta-blockers had a significant 53% coronary events risk decrease at 32 months. Nevertheless, they should be carefully prescribed to patients with chronic limb-threatening ischaemia (CLTI).
Uptodate則是有提到Initial studies with nonselective beta blockers (eg, propranolol) in patients with severe peripheral artery disease described a variety of complications including worsening claudication, cold extremities, absent pulses
(D) 應該還是藥物種類影響比較大(嗎?)、不過高劑量的cardio-selective beta-blockers也會失去選擇性的說
劉先生42歲,身高180公分,體重75公斤,最近因嚴重心絞痛住院檢查。劉先生表示胸痛皆發生於凌晨5點左右,且不會因坐下或躺下而獲得改善,住院期間心跳55 bpm,血壓110/65 mmHg,胸痛時心電圖呈現STsegment elevation,給與nitroglycerin舌下錠,胸痛可立即獲得緩解,心導管檢查結果沒有明顯的冠狀動脈粥 狀硬化。
【題組】54.下列那些藥可用來預防劉先生心絞痛再發?①propranolol ②amlodipine ③metoprolol ④isosorbide mononitrate
(A)①③
(B)①④
(C)②③
(D) ②④
專技 - 藥物治療學- 107 年 - 107-2 專技高考_藥師(二):藥物治療學#70392
答案:D
【題組】55.承上題,醫師處方nitroglycerin transdermal patch治療劉先生心絞痛,下列那種用法最適當?
(A)每天貼24小時,於早上更換
(B)每天貼24小時,於睡前更換
(C)每天貼8~12小時,睡前貼上,早上撕下
(D)每天貼8~12小時,早上貼上,睡前撕下
專技 - 藥物治療學- 107 年 - 107-2 專技高考_藥師(二):藥物治療學#70392
答案:C
ref.
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/vasospastic-angina
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/angina-pectoris-chest-pain-caused-by-fixed-epicardial-coronary-artery-obstruction
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/chronic-coronary-syndrome-overview-of-care
https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/41/3/407/5556137#199808601
劉先生42歲,身高180公分,體重75公斤,最近因嚴重心絞痛住院檢查。劉先生表示胸痛皆發生於凌晨5點左 右,且不會因坐下或躺下而獲得改善,住院期間心跳55 bpm,血壓110/65 mmHg,胸痛時心電圖呈現STsegment elevation,給與nitroglycerin舌下錠,胸痛可立即獲得緩解,心導管檢查結果沒有明顯的冠狀動脈粥 狀硬化。
【題組】54.下列那些藥可用來預防劉先生(變異型)心絞痛再發?①propranolol ②amlodipine ③metoprolol ④isosorbide mononitrate~>使用CCB, CI: BB
(A)①③
(B)①④
(C)②③
(D) ②④
27.有關慢性穩定性心絞痛病人的治療原則,下列何者錯誤?
(A)應隨身攜帶nitroglycerin SL tablets
(B)應規律服用antiplatelet agent
(C)應規律服用anticoagulant
(D)應優先使用β-blocker來平衡心肌的氧氣供應及耗用