2. Calmodulin is:
(A) a scaffold protein
(B) a protein kinase
(C) an enzyme activator
(D) a second messenger
(E) a calcium binding protein

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1. Which of the following proteins are seven transmembrane proteins? (A) Fas (B) integrin (C) rhodopsin (D) Wnt protein (E) TGF receptor

3. Which of the following compounds are activators of peroxysome proliferator-activator receptor ? (A) estradiol (B) thrombin (C) tocopherol (D) prostaglandin (E) retinoic acid

複選題4. Which ligands or receptors are involved in the second messengers in cells? (A) IGF receptor (B) cholecalciferol (C) androgen receptor (D) leukotriene receptor (E) acetylcholine receptor

複選題5. Which of the following descriptions regarding double-stranded DNA molecules are correct? (A) They can exist as A-, B-, or Z-form. (B) The two strands are antiparallel and complmentary with each other. (C) An AT-rich DNA sequence (that is, a sequence contains more AT base pairs) is usually more stable than a GC-rich sequence. (D) The stacking interactions between neighboring base pairs provide stability to a DNA molecule. (E) The major groove of B-form DNA is wider than the minor groove.

複選題6. Inhibition of DNA topoisomerases may lead to which of the following events? (A) inhibition of replication (B) apoptosis (C) inhibition of transcription (D) DNA damages (E) cell cycle arrest

複選題7. Which of the following molecules may influence the structures of RNA molecules? (A) carbon monoxide (CO) (B) polyamines (C) magnesium ion (D) histones (E) helicases

複選題8. Which of the following statements regarding proteasome degradation pathway are correct? (A) Proteins targeted for degradation are usually mono-ubiquitylated. (B) Ubiquitin is transferred to substrate proteins by the so-called E3 enzymes. (C) This pathway is ATP-dependent. (D) Inhibition of proteasome degradation pathway may lead to cell cycle arrest. (E) This pathway also involves in antigen presentation.