20. A proto-oncogene is a gene ______.
(A) from a normal cell from which an oncogene can arise
(B) that has been picked up by an oncogenic virus
(C) that is in the process of evolving into an oncogene
(D) that is expressed abnormally in a tumor cell
(E) that has been mutated to alter cell growth control

16. Active transport is transport ______. (A) of all molecules simultaneously, against their concentration gradients, across the membrane (B) in an energetically favorable direction coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP (C) in an energetically unfavorable direction always driven by hydrolysis of ATP (D) in an energetically unfavorable direction always coupled to another reaction or source of energy (E) in an energetically unfavorable direction driven only by the flow of another molecule across a membrane

17. The function of gap junctions is to ______. (A) hold epithelia together (B) seal the space between cells (C) provide direct communication between cells (D) All of the above (E) None of the above

18. Protein kinase A is activated by ______. (A) binding of cAMP to its catalytic subunits (B) binding of cAMP to its regulatory subunits (C) phosphorylation of its catalytic subunit (D) phosphorylation of its regulatory subunits (E) binding of G protein subunits to its regulatory subunits

19. Nuclear envelope breakdown occurs at the _ of _. (A) end; prometaphase (B) end; metaphase (C) beginning; anaphase (D) beginning; prophase (E) end; prophase

1. How many significant figures should be reported for the answer to the following calculation? (1.0045 – 0.0013) (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 5

2. Which of these atoms does not obey the octet rule? (A) S in SF4 (B) Si in SiCl4 (C) P in PC13 (D) N in N2 (E) None of the previous answers

3. In which of these molecules does carbon have an oxidation state of 0? (A) CO2 (B) H2CO (C) CH4 (D) HCCl3 (E) None of the previous answers

4. For the reaction HCONH2(g) = NH3(g) + CO(g), = 4.84 at 400 K. If AH° for this reaction is 29 kJ/mol, what is the approximate at 300 K? (A)(B) (C) 27 (D) 89 (E) 0.26

5. Consider a sample of 1 mol Kr (g) at a given temperature contained in a given volume. Which of the following statements are false? (A) The entropy of 1 mol Kr (g) is less than that of 1 mol Kr (s) at the same temperature. (B) The entropy of the sample is less than that of a 1 mol sample C4H10 (g) at the same temperature, contained in the same volume. (C) The entropy of the sample increases when the temperature is doubled. (D) The entropy of the sample decreases when the volume of the container is reduced (assuming the same initial and final temperatures). (E) Rotational and vibrational motions do not contribute to the overall entropy of the sample.

6. What is the characteristic wavelength of an electron with a kinetic energy of 9.00 x J? (A) 444 nm (B) 369 pm (C) 590 pm (D) 16.4 pm (E) 0.198 pm