25. Phylogenetic trees are best described as ____.
(A) true and inerrant statements about evolutionary relationships
(B) hypothetical portrayals of evolutionary relationships
(C) the closest things to absolute certainty that modern systematics can produce
(D) theories of evolution
(E) the most accurate representations possible of genetic relationships among taxa

21. In the thylakoid membranes, what is the main role of the antenna pigment molecules? (A) concentrate photons within the stroma (B) split water and release oxygen to the reaction-center chlorophyll (C) harvest photons and transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll (D) synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi (E) transfer electrons to ferredoxin and then NADPH

22. How do the daughter cells at the end of mitosis and cytokinesis compare with their parent cells when it was in G1 of the cell cycle? (A) The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. (B) The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and the same amount of DNA. (C) The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and twice the amount of DNA. (D) The daughter cells have half the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA. (E) The daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA.

23. What is a karyotype? (A) The combination of chromosomes found in a gamete. (B) A system of classifying cell nuclei. (C) A display of every pair of homologous chromosomes within a cell, organized according to size and shape. (D) The set of unique physical characteristics that define an individual. (E) The collection of all the mutations present within the genome of an individual.

24. What is the function of DNA polymerase III? (A) to rejoin the two DNA strands (one new and one old) after replication (B) to degrade damaged DNA molecules (C) to add nucleotides to the end of a growing DNA strand (D) to seal together the broken ends of DNA strands (E) to unwind the DNA helix during replication

26. As cleavage continues during frog development, the size of the blastomeres ____. (A) increases as the number of the blastomeres increases (B) decreases as the number of the blastomeres increases (C) decreases as the number of the blastomeres decreases (D) increases as the number of the blastomeres stays the same (E) increases as the number of the blastomeres decreases

27. Which of the following best describes resource partitioning? (A) Two species can coevolve to share the same niche. (B) Competitive exclusion results in the success of the superior species. (C) Slight variations in niche allow similar species to coexist. (D) A climax community is reached when no new niches are available. (E) Differential resource utilization results in the decrease in species diversity.

28. The producers in aquatic ecosystems include organisms in which of the following groups? (A) photoautotrophs (B) plants (C) alga (D) cyanobacteria (E) A, B, C, and D are all correct

29. Overexploitation encourages extinction and is most likely to affect ____. (A) most organisms that live in the oceans (B) terrestrial organisms more than aquatic organisms (C) edge-adapted species (D) animals that occupy a broad ecological niche (E) large animals with low intrinsic reproductive rates

30. You are observing a population of lizards when you notice that the number of adults has increased and is higher than previously observed. One explanation for such an observation would include ____. (A) increased birth rate (B) decreased emigration (C) increased emigration (D) increased immigration (E) reduction in death rate

31. Which of the following pair of hormones have antagonistic effects? (A) thyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone (B) epinephrine and norepinephrine (C) glucagon and insulin (D) prolactin and oxytocin (E) androgen and estrogen