25. Which is NOT a feature of habitat destruction?
(A) swamp drainage
(B) deforestation
(C) strip mining
(D) overharvesting
(E) river channelization

21. If a forested area surrounding a stream is cleared of trees, what might happen? (A) Increased import of nutrients to the soil (B) Decreased rates of soil and rock weathering (C) Increased run-off of water (D) Decreased rates of chemical leaching (E) Increased denitrification

22. Darwin's main conclusions about the origin of species were _____. (A) all organisms are descended with modification from common ancestors (B) the mechanism for evolution was natural selection (C) inheritance is generally particulate (D) A and B (E) B and C

23. The Hardy-Weinberg equation states that p2 +2pq + q2 = 1; the genotype frequency of heterozygotes is represented by _____. (A) p2 (B) 2pq (C) q2 (D) p2 + q2 (E) p2 + 2pq

24. Populations are best defined as _____. (A) all members of a species (B) all organisms found in an environment (C) families (D) metacommunities (E) groups of interbreeding individuals

26. Hamilton's Rule is a calculation of the strength in a population of _____. (A) sexual selection (B) group selection (C) natural selection (D) genetic relatedness (E) kin selection

27. What is a major consequence for plants and animals if current predictions of global warming are accurate? (A) Rates of natural selection will increase at the same pace. (B) New continental land masses will appear. (C) Water will be more widely available for plants and animals. (D) Anticipated changes in climate will occur faster than many organisms can move or adapt. (E) Many plants and animals will become smaller.

28. Which type of plants keeps their stomata open at night, but closed in the day? (A) C3 (B) C4 (C) CAM (D) C3 and C4 (E) C4 and CAM

29. If x is the extinction rate of populations in patches per unit time and m is the rate of movement between patches, then, according to Richard Leurs, the proportion of occupied patches in a metapopulation will stabilize over time to _____. (A) x/m (B) 1 + (x/m) (C) 1 – (x/m) (D) 1/(x/m) (E) (1+x)/m(本題送分)

30. Allelopathy is _____. (A) interference competition (B) the secretion of toxins into the environment by plant roots (C) intraspecific competition (D) the transmission of viruses from deer to rabbits (E) the death of one species from diseases transferred from a second species

31. What is NOT a hypothesis to explain why seed dispersal is so advantageous to plants? (A) Competition avoidance (B) Predator escape (C) Colonization (D) Indirect dispersal (E) Directed dispersal