26. Which of the following oral opioids is not recommended for padiatric patients with cancer pain?
(A) morphine
(B) hydromorphone
(C) oxycodone
(D) meperidine (pethidine)
(E) all of the above can be prescribed for pediatric patients with cancre pain

22. Which of the following practice in the management of cancer pain and associated events for the dying patients in the last hours and days of life is not advisable? (A) Non-essential drugs should be discontinued (B)If the insight of the patient, family, and carers into the patient’s condition is identified, high dose of opioids should be discontinued to avoid respiratory depression (C)”As-required” subcutaneous medication is prescribed according to an agreed protocol to manage pain (D) Decisions are made to discontinue inappropriate interventions. (E) all of the above are acceptable practices.

23. Which of the following is not true about the properties of visceral pain? (A) It is diffuse in character and poorly localized. (B) It is typically referred rather than being felt at the source. (C) It is produced by stimuli different from those adequate for activation of somatic nociceptors. (D) Distention of hollow organs may induce adequate stimuli for production of visceral pain. (E) It is associated with emotional and autonomic responses but much less than those associated with somatic pain.

24. Which of the following is not true about chronic pelvic pain without pathology (CPP)? (A) CPP is defined as non-menstrual pelvic pain of 6 or more months’ duration that is severe enough to cause functional disability or to require medical or surgical treatment. (B) CPP is common and estimated to account for 40% of all gynecologic diagnostic laparoscopies. (C) A history of childhood physical and/or sexual abuse has been correlated with the development of CPP. (D) The best evidence-based management of patients with CPP is multidisciplinary care.. (E) All of the answers above are correct.

25. Which of the followings is probabaly a less predictive addition indicator? (A) Selling prescription drugs (B) Multiple episodes of loss of prescriptions (C) Repeated resistance to changes in therapy despite clear evidence of adverse physical or psychological effects from the drug (D) Resistance to a change in therapy associated with “tolerable” adverse effects with expressions of anxiety related to the return of severe symptoms (E) Concurrent abuse of alcohol or illicit drugs

27. Which of the following cell type sense the initial “endanger signal” and participates in the initial phase of pathogenesis of the nerve injury induced neuropathic pain? (A) Microglia (B) Spinal lamina I and II neuron (C) Astrocyte (D) oligodendrocyte

28. Pain is a frequent consequence of spinal cord injury (SCI). Which of the following statement is least likely: (A) Below-level neuropathic pain is most likely described as severe or excruciating months or years following initial injury. (B) Damage to the spinothalamic tracts is an important ingredient in the development of neuropathic pain following SCI. (C) Chronic musculoskeletal pain is common in tetraplegic patients after SCI. (D) Patients with cervical SCI are at risk of developing CRPS affecting upper limbs. (E) Below-level neuropathic pain is also referred to deafferentation pain.

29. Which of the following painful disorder is more common in male patients than in female patients? (A) migraine (B) rheumatoid arthritis (C) irritable bowel syndrome (D) cornary artery disease ( older than 60 years old) (E) all of the above are more common than in female patients.

30. Which of the following statement concerning painful polyneuropathies with prevalent loss of small fibres is most likely: (A) Chronic renal failure neuropathy. I. (B) Diabetes mellitus neuropathy. (C) Alcoholic neuropathy. (D) Myeloma neuropathy.. (E) soniazid neuropathy.

31. 叢發性頭痛(cluster headache)急性發作時，下列何種藥物不具治療角色? (A)皮下注射 sumatriptan (B)經鼻給予 zolmitriptan (C)經鼻給予 lidocaine 至翼齶窩(pterygopalatine fossa) (D)靜脈注射 dihydroergotamine (E)口服 verapamil

32. 下列何者不是偏頭痛(migraine)常見症狀？ (A)單側性疼痛 (B)搏動性疼痛 (C)痛到眼窩後方 (D)噁心嘔吐 (E)對光與聲音敏感