28. ______ triggers the ripening and aging of the banana, while ______ inhibits growth and seed germination during periods of drought.
(A) Auxin; abscisic acid
(B) Abscisic acid; ethylene
(C) Ethylene; cytokinin
(D) Ethylene; abscisic acid
(E) Auxin; gibberellin

24. Which of the following statements about the cell cycle is FALSE? (A) Maturation-promoting factor (MPF) stimulates nuclear envelope breakdown by phosphorylating the lamin proteins of nuclear lamina. (B) Active MPF phosphorylates microfilament-associated proteins to facilitate formation of the mitotic spindle. (C) Active MPF phosphorylates histones to allow chromosome condensation. (D) Epidermal growth factor can induce cells to pass through the G1 checkpoint and into S phase through the Ras pathway. (E) The p21 protein functions to suppress the activity of Cdk-cyclin complex to block passage through the G1 checkpoint.

25. Which of the following statements about the extracellular matrix (ECM) is FALSE? (A) Collagens are the major structure fiber of ECM in animal cells. (B) Mucoproteins are the components of hydrated matrix of ECM in animal cells. (C) Cellulose are adhesive molecules of ECM in plant cells. (D) Fibronectins and laminins are adhesive molecules of ECM in animal cells. (E) Hemicellulose and extensins are the components of hydrated matrix of ECM in plant cells.

26. Which of these statements about viruses is true? I. H5N1 virus is an RNA virus. II. SARS virus is a single positive-stranded RNA virus. III. Dengue fever virus is a mosquito-borne single negative-stranded RNA virus. IV. Zika virus is a single negative-stranded RNA virus. (A) I and II (B) I and III (C) I and IV (D) I, II, and III (E) I, II, III, and IV

27. Which of these statements best describes fruits? I. A pea pod is formed from an ovary. II. When you consume tomato, you are eating fruits that are derived from ripen ovary. III. A peach and a nut are a simple fruit that is derived from a flower. IV. A strawberry is a fruit that is derived from a single flower. V. A pineapple is a simple fruit. (A) I and II (B) II and III (C) III and IV (D) I, II, III, and IV (E) I, II, III, IV, and V

29. A Taiwan ecologist monitoring the number of Formosan macaque in a wildlife refuge over a 10-year period is studying ecology at which level? (A) population (B) ecosystem (C) organism (D) community (E) biosphere

30. Which of the following characteristics best describes specialized cell junction? (A) Adherens junctions but not desmosomes are the main types of anchoring junctions. (B) Gap junctions prevent the movement of molecules across cell layers. (C) Tight junctions allow direct electrical and chemical communication between cells. (D) Plasmodesmata permit direct cell-cell communication between plant cells. (E) Tight junctions are the main types of communicating junctions between cardiac muscle cells.

31. Which of the following sources of reducing equivalents is most important for steroid hormone synthesis? (A) glycolysis (B) tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (C) malate shuttle (D) fatty acid oxidation (E) pentose phosphate pathway

32. Which of the following statements about gout is true? (A) It results from the overproduction of orotic acid. (B) It can result from a deficiency in phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) synthetase. (C) It can be treated with inhibitors of xanthine oxidase. (D) It occurs more frequently in women than men. (E) The symptoms appear in early adolescence. 

33. Which of the following characteristics best describes the urea cycle? (A) All of the enzymes are localized in the cytosol of hepatocytes. (B) The enzymes are present in high concentration in the perivenous hepatocytes. (C) Arginine is the end product of the urea cycle. (D) The cleavage of argininosuccinate releases fumarate. (E) Asparagine is a substrate in the urea cycle.

34. Which of the following vitamins involves primarily in transamination reactions of amino acid metabolism? (A) Vitamin C (B) Vitamin E (C) Vitamin B6 (D) Vitamin B12 (E) Vitamin A