35. Which of the following description for the analgesic pharmacology in infants and children is wrong? (A) Neonates and young children have increased maturation of hepatic enzymes involved in the metabolism of analgesics such as opioids and amide local anesthetics (B) Neonates and young infants have decreased plasma concentrations of albumin and α1 acid glycoprotein, leading to decreased protein binding and greater concentrations of unbound, pharmacologically active drug (C) Neonates also have reduced glomerular filtration rates in the first few weeks of life resulting in slower elimination of many drugs (D) Young infants have significantly less of pseudocholinesterase compared to the adult population, leading to prolonged clearance of the ester-type local anesthetics (E) all of the above are correct descriptions

35. Which of the following description for the analgesic pharmacology in infants and children is wrong?
(A) Neonates and young children have increased maturation of hepatic enzymes involved in the metabolism of analgesics such as opioids and amide local anesthetics
(B) Neonates and young infants have decreased plasma concentrations of albumin and α1 acid glycoprotein, leading to decreased protein binding and greater concentrations of unbound, pharmacologically active drug
(C) Neonates also have reduced glomerular filtration rates in the first few weeks of life resulting in slower elimination of many drugs
(D) Young infants have significantly less of pseudocholinesterase compared to the adult population, leading to prolonged clearance of the ester-type local anesthetics
(E) all of the above are correct descriptions

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統計： A(1), B(0), C(0), D(0), E(2) #3160571

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41. Which one of the following statement is correct? (A) Functional imaging techniques applied for the study of pain are positron emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), multi-channel electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG), and intracranial recordings. (B) NIRS is an optical approach that also analyses changes in hemoglobin oxygenation levels by using light in the near infrared range (650 to 950 nm). (C) EEG and MEG are noninvasive neurophysiologic techniques that measure the respective electrical potentials and magnetic fields generated by neuronal activity of the brain and propagated to the surface of the skull where they are picked up with EEG electrodes or, in the case of its magnetic counterpart, received by supra conducting quantum interference device (SQUID) sensors located outside the skull. (D) (D.) Invasive recordings, which are assessed during neurosurgical interventions in patients ongoing epileptic surgery, or deep brain stimulation (DBS) procedures (most common in Parkinson disease), are extremely helpful to directly measure supraspinal pain signals. (E) All of the above are correct.

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