35. _____ is formed in ______ during embryonic development. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
(A) Dorsal lip, frog
(B) Primitive streak, sea urchin
(C) Primitive streak, chick
(D) Epiblast, chick
(E) Epiblast, human

31. Exercise and emergency reactions include ______. (A) decreased activity in the sympathetic, and increased activity in the parasympathetic divisions (B) increased activity in all parts of the peripheral nervous system (C) increased activity in the sympathetic, and decreased activity in the parasympathetic divisions (D) increased activity in the enteric nervous system (E) reduced heart rate and blood pressure

32. Which of the following is an example of a commensalism? (A) fungi residing in plant roots, such as endomycorrhizae (B) rancher ants that protect aphids in exchange for sugar-rich honeydew (C) bacteria fixing nitrogen in plants (D) insects pollinate flowers (E) cattle egrets eating insects stirred up by grazing bison

33. Which of the following is a greenhouse gas? (A) water vapor (B) molecular oxygen (C) molecular nitrogen (D) argon (E) carbon monoxide

34. In the figure below, which of the following survivorship curves most applies to humans living in developed countries? (A) curve A (B) curve B (C) curve C (D) curve D (E) curve E

36. Which of the following statements about fruit fly is FALSE? (A) Spermatheca can be used to store sperm in male fly. (B) Defective expression of Hox genes suppresses the embryonic development. (C) The courtship behaviors include orienting, tapping and singing. (D) Toll receptor leads to synthesis of antimicrobial peptides against fungi. (E) Drosophila melanogaster has a diploid number of 8.

37. Which insect is classified incorrectly? (A) mosquitoes - Diptera (B) butterflies - Lepidoptera (C) bees - Lepidoptera (D) flies - Diptera (E) grasshoppers - Orthoptera

38. Which of the following statements about the reproductive cycles of human female is FALSE? (A) Low level of estradiol inhibits the secretion of pituitary gonadotropins. (B) High level of estradiol stimulates the secretion of pituitary gonadotropins. (C) High level of estradiol and progesterone stimulates the secretion of pituitary gonadotropins. (D) High level of LH (luteinizing hormone) stimulates ovulation. (E) High level of estradiol and progesterone stimulates the maintenance of endometrium.

39. Which of the following statements about the extracellular matrix (ECM) is FALSE? (A) Collagens are assembled into triple helix in the ER lumen. (B) Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) contain positively charged carbohydrates. (C) Chondroitin sulfate is a GAG to be part of proteoglycan. (D) Elastin is a protein capable of changing conformation. (E) Fibronectin can directly bind with integrin.

40. Which of the following statements about the RNA processing is FALSE? (A) Not all of the nucleotides in the mature mRNA can be translated into proteins. (B) Spliceosomes are composed of proteins and snRNAs. (C) Modified guanosine is required for the capping of pre-mRNA. (D) Methylation is required for the capping of pre-mRNA. (E) PolyA polymerase adds 50-200 more adenines at the stop codon.

41. Which of the following statements about cell junctions is FALSE? (A) Actin filaments anchor desmosomes in the cytoplasm. (B) Hemidesmosomes connect cells to extracellular matrix (ECM) via integrins. (C) Integrin is a transmembrane protein with two nonidentical subunits. (D) Cadherins are Ca2+-dependent molecules to create cell-to-cell junctions. (E) The connexons of gap junctions allow the passage of ions.