38. In muscular-skeletal systems, which one is the correct description?
(A) Arthropod exoskeletons are composed primarily of calcium carbonate.
(B) A skeleton that relies on muscular force exerted against water is termed an endoskeleton.
(C) Skeletal muscles are striated, voluntary, and have unbranched fibers.
(D) Each skeletal muscle cell constitutes a single motor unit.
(E) The thick filament is composed almost entirely of actin molecules.

34. Which of the following statements about plant hormones differing from hormones in animals is correct? (A) Plant hormones are synthesized from two or more different molecules. (B) Animal hormones are primarily for mating and embryonic development. (C) Plant hormones interact primarily with intracellular receptors. (D) Animal hormones are found in much greater concentration. (E) Plant hormones may travel in air or through vascular systems.  

35. Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is correct? (A) The splitting of water yields molecular carbon dioxide as a by-product. (B) The electron vacancies in P680+ are filled by electrons derived from water. (C) The ATP required for the Calvin cycle comes from reactions initiated in photosystem I. (D) Photosystem I passes electrons to the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain. (E) Cyclic electron flow also supplements the supply of ATP and NADPH.

36. Which of the following techniques uses the amino acid sequences of polypeptides to predict a protein's three-dimensional structure? (A) X-ray crystallography (B) two-dimensional electrophoresis (C) bioinformatics (D) gas chromatography mass spectrometry (E) NMR spectroscopy

37. Which one is the correct description of community ecology? (A) Testing both biotic and abiotic factors. (B) The study of interactions between organisms and their environment. (C) All members of a species in same habitat. (D) The study of how behavior contributes to the differential survival and reproduction of organisms. (E) Patterns of species change and succession.

39. In fungi, which one is the correct description? (A) Wildlife benefit from endophytes because the endophytes cause more luxuriant plant growth. (B) All materials passing from one hyphal cell to another must diffuse across the septal wall. (C) Lichens are monophyletic. (D) Many kinds of ascomycetes and basidiomycetes have lost the ability to reproduce sexually. (E) Conidia are sexual spores produced by mushrooms.

40. In Taiwan, farmers harvest banana when the fruit is green. Then, it is shipped to other countries. Before marketing, with what kind of plant hormone is the fruit treated? (A) Abscisic acid (B) Ethylene (C) Auxins (D) Gibberellins (E) Cytokinins

41. In octopus, what kind of respiratory pigment can be found? (A) Hemocyanin (B) Hemoglobin (C) Hemophilia (D) Hemochromatosis (E) Ferritin

42. Why does the S-type strain of Streptococcus pneumonia cause pneumonia? (A) Unable to defend the immune system (B) Surrounded by a polysaccharide capsule (C) Able to grow and move (D) Inactivated by the immune system (E) Unable to form colony

43. In monohybrid crosses, the phenotype ratio 1:2:1 indicates _____. (A) linkage disequilibrium (B) pleiotropy (C) incomplete dominance (D) three alleles for each trait (E) epistatic effect

44. In E. coli mating system, Hfr type could be a genetic donor and F- could be a genetic recipient. After the mating between Hfr and F- type cells, the F- recipient _____. (A) becomes Hfr (B) becomes H+ (C) becomes F- (D) gets episome (E) remains F-