40,In this passage, the word “underlving” means_.
(A)fundamental
(B) secondary
(C) subjacent
(D) explicit)

36. Which of the following statements is true? (A)The right hemisphere and the left one of our brain have symmetric structures and their functions are similar. (B)The author thinks that the function of the right side of our brain controls creativity only, (C)The two sides of our brain share similar structures but some parts of their structures have different length. (D)There is strong evidence that two sides of our brain function differently.)

37. In this'passage, what does the word “assumed” mean? (A)undertalcen (B) imagined (C) replaced (D) amended)

38.Which of the following statements is true? (A)Left-handed people are proven to have a powerful right brain. (B) Left-handed people are more likely to use both sides of their brains than right-handed people. (C) Nowadays, there are some doctors who removed the half side of some patients’ brains successfully, (D) Although a patient’s brain is injured, both sides of his brain exchange information efficiently.) (b) People associate memory loss and decline in cognitive functioning with aging. But one must be aware of various factors that can directly affect mental health and hence affect memory centers in the brain. Internal imbalances between various body systems, malnutrition, negligence, among other factors can lead to brain and memory issues at a young age. The brain is an organ, and arguably the one that most consumes oxygen and other nutrients for proper functioning -ranging from focus, analysis, learning new skills, space-time orientation, controlling and dealing with various, mental-emotional states, and of course - memory. In Western physiology, mental processes and emotional states are attributed directly to the brain. Hence，memory loss and brain health is achieved synthetically, through use of dietary supplements. In Chinese herbalism, certain organs are held responsible for affecting mental states, and imbalances in their functions directly affect the brain and the body as a whole. As an example, herbalists equate heart with joy, lungs with wony and sadness, the liver with anger, kidneys with fear, and the spleen to thinking. Furthermore, throughout the centuries herbalists have remained committed to the underlying philosophy that harmony must be and can be achieved naturally at all times. Hence, everything in Chinese herbalism deals with achieving the intricate balance and harmony in the human body-balance of Qi-energy and harmony between the Ying and Yang. Hence, all Chinese herbal formulas are committed to re-establishing the proper functioning of oi^gans that are related to, and hence affect the brain.

39.The main idea of the passage is_ . (A)the close relationship between memory loss and aging (B) the close relationship between many organs and human feelings (C) the influence of many factors on the functions of our brains, such as our memory loss (D) the relationship between Chinese herbalism and human organs)

41.The Chinese herbalists believe a lot of things EXCEPT_. (A)malfunction of one oi^an affecting brain. (B) the harmony between the Ying and Yang affecting the function of certain organs (C) the concept that the brain is just like an organ (D) certain organs affecting human mental states) (c) The idea that heredity can be seen as a form of memory was entertained by several nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century biologists and was part of a Lamarckian approach to evolution. Eva Jablonka surveys these ideas, focusing especially on the best-articulated theory of heredity~as~memory, developed by the German zoologist Richard Semon during the early twentieth-century. Although his major book, The Mneme, generated interest, Semon’s ideas were criticized and eventually discarded and forgotten, as the fortunes of Lamarckism began to wane in the 1920s and 1930s, Eva Jablonka argues that today, in light of what we know about the mechanisms of epigenetic inheritance, heredity and memory can be shown to be linked at several levels of biological organization. She also suggests that Semon's observations and ideas deserve reappraisal.

42.In this passage, Eva Jablonka __ (A)held a skeptical tone toward the close relationship between heredity and memory (B) depicted how heredity and memory developed (C) admitted that Semon’s ideas were discarded in the 1920s and 1930s (D) took more optimistic attitude a bit toward the idea that hei'edity and memory can be linked)

43 .What does the word “reappraisal” mean? (A, reassess (B) reapportion (C) reshuffle (D) relinquish) (d) The psychology of learning and the philosophy of language both place enormous importance on this part of a child’s development. Another important discovery in the psychology of learning is that children in this phase use.‘compensatory play’，which is the first evidence of children trying to come to terms with their emotions. According to the psychology of learning, children transfer their emotions or an event that happened onto another object. For example, a child that has recently been scolded might be seen scolding her doll as a way of understanding how the scolding made her feel. When the child reaches 'childhood* status (7 years and up) their learning capacity is greatly increased. The psychology of learning dictates that children should be given as much structure during this period as possible, to teach the child how to interact socially. Games like hide-and-seek and board games are heavily endorsed by those who practice psychology of learning. Institutionalized games, and oi^anized sports play an important role in this stage of a child’s development. Studies in the psychology of learning show that children at this age who participate in sports are more likely to have better grades and more energy, and .are more likely to get along well with their classmates and firiends.

44. According to the passage, some theories of psychology of learning refer to the things EXCEPT that (A)children are prone to learn some feelings from another object (B) children leam social contact when they play such games as hide-and-seek (C) children learn more and more things due to their bigger brain capacity during childhood (D) children are prone to establish better social relationship with friends if they take part in sports activities)

45 .In this passage, the phrase come to terms probably means_ . (A)submit (B) contract (C) enfold (D) ascend) IV Vocabulary in Context: 10% , Ryu Icy u was once a s 1 n country. It was a kingdom founded in 1492, It took nearly 450 years before Japan occupied it in 1879. During these years, it was in 2 ted into the circle of Chinese culture. In fact, one part of the country known as “Tso-San” started to present t3 e to Chinese Emperor in 1372. The other two parts of it also were submissive to Chinese emperor. At that time, it was the beginning of Ming Dynasty in Chinese Mainland. Later, these parts of it was granted one name “San-san” by the great Chinese Emperor. The first Chinese character “San” here means the figure “three” and the second “mountains” or sometimes “islands”. Then, agate, ivory, gold and silver were sent to China.Dvmng these years, Chinese Emperor rarely i 4 ned in its domestic affairs. All the Chinese Emperor did was de 5 h capable people to help its kingdom deal with its domestic affairs. One of the most famous people was “Hwai-Gi”，who helped the ruler of “Tso-san” u 6 y these islands to form a real country and made great contributions to building its royal palace and a harbor. Afterwards, the Chinese Emperor gave the kingdom the name RyQkyCi and its king a Chinese surname .“Shan”, Its ldng also ordered some of his people to study at the school, which Chinese Emperor buiJt in the Chinese capital. The Chinese Emperor also ordered that the people coming from thrity-six different surname families in Fujian Province moved to the kingdom. But Satsuam, coming from Kagoshima (Japan) attacked the kingdom in 1607. The kingdom could not but s 7 ted to it in private but it was still one of the Chinese vassal countries in public That is，the kingdom had to pay heavy taxes Satsuam was i—_8_sing increasingly to it Nevertheless, the kingdom tried its best to lay c 9 m to its independence, so it made an agreement with the U.S., France and Holland in the 19th centiny. But all was gone as Japan occupied it. Although the U.S. placed it under trysteeship from 1945 to 1972, the people there seemed to forget it was once an a_10__y. It came back to Japan in 1972, still being one county of the country.

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