41.有關過度使用藥品引起的頭痛(medication-overuse headache),下列敘述何者正確?
(A)是一種神經結構破壞的結果
(B)起因為長期過度使用降血壓藥
(C)頭痛的型態會由陣發變成持續
(D)長期使用非處方止痛藥每週不應超過4天,以預防此類頭痛
統計: A(114), B(228), C(2285), D(1205), E(0) #2623966
詳解 (共 7 筆)
病因:
Genetic predisposition: 本身已經有頭痛症狀的人
Central sensitization:
(e.g. triptans can downregulate serotonin receptors (5-HT 1B and 5-HT 1D))
chronic morphine increased expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide in primary afferent neurons
Biobehavioral factors: 習慣使用止痛藥
診斷:
1: 每個月頭痛 ≥ 15 天 (with a pre-existing headache disorder)
2. >3 個月過度使用止痛藥治療頭痛
-每個月 ≥ 10 天: ergotamines, triptans, opioids, 或是 合併藥物 (包含acetaminophen, aspirin, NSAID)
-每個月 ≥ 15 天: acetaminophen, aspirin, NSAID
3. 沒有其他 ICHD-3 的頭痛診斷 (Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis, 除了chronic migraine)
風險因子:
Women
Migraine > tension-type headache
Medication overuse, anxiety and depression
Low socioeconomic status
Older age, smoking, symptoms of anxiety and depression, cutaneous allodynia, greater migraine symptom severity, and more intense head pain --> risk of medication overuse
引發藥物: Highest: opioids, butalbital-containing combination analgesics, and acetaminophen-aspirin-caffeine combinations
Intermediate: triptans
Low: NSAIDs, although some studies suggest the risk could be high
症狀:
先是episodic headache disorder (migraine or tension-type) --> present or develops upon awakening
處置:
- 直接停用止痛藥
- 若病人不願意或不行的話逐漸taper,同時需給予rescue abortive therapy (每週給予<2天,選擇與之前不同機轉的止痛藥)
預防:
- Mild headaches: Long acting NSAIDs (Naproxen, ketoprofen)
- Moderate to severe migraine: Triptans, dihydroergotamine, other migraine abortives (symptomatic therapy).
Triptans, ergotamine/dihydroergotamine or combination analgesics: 每個月使用 ≤ 9天
Butalbital-containing analgesics: 每個月使用 ≤ 3天
NSAIDs: 每個月使用 ≤ 14天
Medication overuse headache
使用triptans、ergot、opiod analgesics等時,若一個月內使用超過10天且持續大於3個月,易產生藥物過度使用頭痛
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77.彭小姐,30歲,偏頭痛病史多年。近期不斷反覆發作,上個月只有一週時間可以正常工作,幾乎每隔一天就 使用ibuprofen及zolmitriptan來緩解。下列建議何者最適當?
(A)可能有藥品無效,宜換opioid類藥品治療
(B)可能有藥品耐受性,宜換其他triptan治療
(C)可能有藥品耐受性,宜換ergot alkaloid治療
(D)可能有medication overuse headache,宜減少藥品使用
專技 - 藥物治療學- 109 年 - 109 專技高考_藥師(二):藥物治療學#82768
答案:D