42. Why does the S-type strain of Streptococcus pneumonia cause pneumonia?
(A) Unable to defend the immune system
(B) Surrounded by a polysaccharide capsule
(C) Able to grow and move
(D) Inactivated by the immune system
(E) Unable to form colony

38. In muscular-skeletal systems, which one is the correct description? (A) Arthropod exoskeletons are composed primarily of calcium carbonate. (B) A skeleton that relies on muscular force exerted against water is termed an endoskeleton. (C) Skeletal muscles are striated, voluntary, and have unbranched fibers. (D) Each skeletal muscle cell constitutes a single motor unit. (E) The thick filament is composed almost entirely of actin molecules.

39. In fungi, which one is the correct description? (A) Wildlife benefit from endophytes because the endophytes cause more luxuriant plant growth. (B) All materials passing from one hyphal cell to another must diffuse across the septal wall. (C) Lichens are monophyletic. (D) Many kinds of ascomycetes and basidiomycetes have lost the ability to reproduce sexually. (E) Conidia are sexual spores produced by mushrooms.

40. In Taiwan, farmers harvest banana when the fruit is green. Then, it is shipped to other countries. Before marketing, with what kind of plant hormone is the fruit treated? (A) Abscisic acid (B) Ethylene (C) Auxins (D) Gibberellins (E) Cytokinins

41. In octopus, what kind of respiratory pigment can be found? (A) Hemocyanin (B) Hemoglobin (C) Hemophilia (D) Hemochromatosis (E) Ferritin

43. In monohybrid crosses, the phenotype ratio 1:2:1 indicates _____. (A) linkage disequilibrium (B) pleiotropy (C) incomplete dominance (D) three alleles for each trait (E) epistatic effect

44. In E. coli mating system, Hfr type could be a genetic donor and F- could be a genetic recipient. After the mating between Hfr and F- type cells, the F- recipient _____. (A) becomes Hfr (B) becomes H+ (C) becomes F- (D) gets episome (E) remains F-

45. In the lactose operon of E. coli, which one is the description of the product of the lacI gene? (A) Transcriptional activator protein (B) ß-Galactosidase (C) Induces lac operon transcription (D) Binds to the RNA polymerase (E) Binds to the operator

46. In DNA cloning experiments, which vectors can be keeping the largest DNA fragments? (A) Plasmid (B) Bacteriophage lambda (C) Ti plasmid (D) YACs (E) Cosmids

47. The mountain area of the Central Taiwan was deforested by the 921 earthquake in 2000 and has been recovered today. It is an example of _____.(A) secondary succession (B) primary succession (C) climax succession (D) arrival and speciation (E) seral accumulation

48. In human endocrine systems, which one is NOT correct description? (A) Metamorphosis in flatfishes and in amphibians is controlled by growth hormone. (B) Vitamin D is a hormone produced in part by exposure to sunlight. (C) If blood sodium levels rise sharply above normal limits the heart will release more atrial natriuretic peptide. (D) Insulin's effects on reducing blood glucose levels are counteracted by glucagon's actions, which increase blood glucose. (E) It would be reasonable to assume that environmental cues such as photoperiod and temperature might regulate animal reproduction.