49. 創傷焦點認知行為治療(Trauma-Focused CBT)能夠協助個案與非施虐的家長降低創傷事件的情緒衝擊，以PRACTICE來代表其治療模式， 請問其中的E指的是什麼？
(A)提升個人安全感與成長
(B)擴大優勢資源
(C)體現成功經驗
(D)體驗情緒

The essential components of Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) include:

• Gradual exposure is included in all components to help children gain mastery in how to use skills when trauma reminders or cues occur.
• The program components are:

1. P – Psycho-education and parenting skills
2. R – Relaxation techniques: Focused breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, and teaching the child to control their thoughts (thought stopping).
3. A – Affective expression and regulation: To help the child and parent learn to control their emotional reaction to reminders by expanding their emotional vocabulary, enhancing their skills in identification and expression of emotions, and encouraging self-soothing activities
4. C – Cognitive coping: Through this component, the child learns to understand the relationships between thoughts, feelings and behaviors and think in new and healthier ways.
5. T – Trauma narrative and processing: Gradual exposure exercises including verbal, written and/or symbolic recounting (i.e., utilizing dolls, art, puppets, etc.) of traumatic event(s) so the child learns to be able to discuss the events when they choose in ways that do not produce overwhelming emotions. Following the completion of the narrative, clients are supported in identifying, challenging and correcting cognitive distortions and dysfunctional beliefs.
6. I – In vivo exposure: Encourage the gradual exposure to innocuous (harmless) trauma reminders in child's environment (e.g., basement, darkness, school, etc.) so the child learns they can control their emotional reactions to things that remind them of the trauma, starting with non-threatening examples of reminders.
7. C – Conjoint parent/child sessions: Held typically toward the end of the treatment, but maybe initiated earlier when children have significant behavior problems so parents can be coached in the use of behavior management skills. Sessions generally deal with psycho-education, sharing the trauma narrative, anxiety management, and correction of cognitive distortions. The family works to enhance communication and create opportunities for therapeutic discussion regarding the trauma.
8. E – Enhancing personal safety and future growth: Provide training and education with respect to personal safety skills and healthy sexuality/ interpersonal relationships; encourage the utilization of skills learned in managing future stressors and/or trauma reminders.

資料來源：https://www.cebc4cw.org/program/trauma-focused-cognitive-behavioral-therapy/。Essential Components