5. Consider a heat engine operating in a closed cycle, as illustrated in Figure 4. The cycle begins at initial state i and involves a irreversible process leading to final state f, followed by an reversible process returning the system from state f back to i Choose the correct description from the following options, based on this cycle that commences from state i:

(A)
(B)
(C) In the entire cycle i →  f →i  the cyclic integral
(D) the integral
(E) In the process from i to f, the system releases heat.

1. In Figure 1, the observer at O views two closely spaced lines through an angled piece of plastic. How do the lines appear to the observer? (A) shifted to the right. (B) shifted to the left. (C) spaced farther apart. (D) spaced closer together. (E) exactly as they do without the piece of plastic.

2. In Figure 2, monochromatic light with a wavelength in air of λ= λ0 = 500 nm shines normally on a pair of identical glass microscopic slides (I= 10.0 cm in length) that form a very narrow wedge (with thickness h = 0.0200 mm). The top surface of the upper slide and the botton surface of the lower slide have special coatings on them so that they reflect no light. In the following, which position corresponds to a dark fringe? (A) x = 1.75 mm, (B) x = 1.00 mm, (C) x = 1.25 mm, (D) x = 2.20 mm, (E) x = 2.15 mm. A periodic transverse wave travels along an x-axis. Figure 3(a) gives the displacements of elements as a function of x at time t = 0. Figure 3(b) gives the displacements of elements at x = 0 as a function of time t.

3. What is the wave velocity of the traveling wave? (A) -3 cm/s, (B) +3 cm/s, (C) -5 cmn/s, (D) +5 cn/s, (E) 0 cm/s.

4. At t = 0, what is the transverse velocity of the element at x = 9 cm?(A) +2 cm/s, (B) -2 cm/s, (C) +10 cm/s,(D)-10 cm/s, (E) 0 cm/s.

6. deal Carnot engine cycle, 1500 J of heat is absorbed from a high-temperature heat source. If the efficienc the heat Q released to the low-temperature heat sink during this cycle is to be determined, what (A) 1000 J, (B) 1050 J, (C) 1100 J, (D) 1150 J,(E) 1200 J.

7. What is the approximate temperature in Kelvin (order of magnitude is fine) corresponding to an energy of leV? (Given: Boltzmann's constant = 1.38 x 10-23 J/K, e = 1.60 x 10-19 coulomb) Choose from: (A) 10K, (B) 100K, (C) 1,000K, (D) 10,000K, (E) 106 K.

8. Which of the following statements about thermodynamic processes is correct? (A) An isentropic process is the same as an adiabatic process. (B) During isothernal expansion, the system releases heat. (C) In an adiabatic compression process, the temperature of the gas increases. (D) In a constant-volume pressurization process, the work done by the system is positive. (E) A substance at high temperature, high pressure, and high density can be approximated as an ideal gas.

9. A mass m object moves along a circular path with radius R in a vertical plane . At the beginning it locates at the bottom with an initial speed , Ignoring air resistance, the speed v of the object at the top of the path is: (A) (B)(C)(D)(E) V..

10. A ballistic pendulum, a device for measuring the speed of a bullet, consists of a block of wood suspended by cords. When the bullet is fired into the block, the block is free to rise. How high does a 5.0 kg block rise when a 12 g bullet traveling at 350 m/s is fired into it?(A) 5.4 cm, (B) 24 cm, (C) 3.6 cm, (D) 36 cm, (E) 12cm.

11. In a binary star system, Star A, which has triple the mass of Star B, orbits their common center of mass in circular patbs. Without external forces, what is the relationship between their orbital periods according to Newton's law of universal gravitation? (A) Star A's period is 1/ of Star B's. (B) Star A's period is the same as Star B's. (C) Star A's period is times Star B's. (D) Star A's period is twice Star B's. (E) Star A's period is half of Star B's.