8. Which of the following statements about thermodynamic processes is correct?
(A) An isentropic process is the same as an adiabatic process.
(B) During isothernal expansion, the system releases heat.
(C) In an adiabatic compression process, the temperature of the gas increases.
(D) In a constant-volume pressurization process, the work done by the system is positive.
(E) A substance at high temperature, high pressure, and high density can be approximated as an ideal gas.

4. At t = 0, what is the transverse velocity of the element at x = 9 cm?(A) +2 cm/s, (B) -2 cm/s, (C) +10 cm/s,(D)-10 cm/s, (E) 0 cm/s.

5. Consider a heat engine operating in a closed cycle, as illustrated in Figure 4. The cycle begins at initial state i and involves a irreversible process leading to final state f, followed by an reversible process returning the system from state f back to i Choose the correct description from the following options, based on this cycle that commences from state i:(A) (B) (C) In the entire cycle i →  f →i  the cyclic integral (D) the integral(E) In the process from i to f, the system releases heat.

6. deal Carnot engine cycle, 1500 J of heat is absorbed from a high-temperature heat source. If the efficienc the heat Q released to the low-temperature heat sink during this cycle is to be determined, what (A) 1000 J, (B) 1050 J, (C) 1100 J, (D) 1150 J,(E) 1200 J.

7. What is the approximate temperature in Kelvin (order of magnitude is fine) corresponding to an energy of leV? (Given: Boltzmann's constant = 1.38 x 10-23 J/K, e = 1.60 x 10-19 coulomb) Choose from: (A) 10K, (B) 100K, (C) 1,000K, (D) 10,000K, (E) 106 K.

9. A mass m object moves along a circular path with radius R in a vertical plane . At the beginning it locates at the bottom with an initial speed , Ignoring air resistance, the speed v of the object at the top of the path is: (A) (B)(C)(D)(E) V..

10. A ballistic pendulum, a device for measuring the speed of a bullet, consists of a block of wood suspended by cords. When the bullet is fired into the block, the block is free to rise. How high does a 5.0 kg block rise when a 12 g bullet traveling at 350 m/s is fired into it?(A) 5.4 cm, (B) 24 cm, (C) 3.6 cm, (D) 36 cm, (E) 12cm.

11. In a binary star system, Star A, which has triple the mass of Star B, orbits their common center of mass in circular patbs. Without external forces, what is the relationship between their orbital periods according to Newton's law of universal gravitation? (A) Star A's period is 1/ of Star B's. (B) Star A's period is the same as Star B's. (C) Star A's period is times Star B's. (D) Star A's period is twice Star B's. (E) Star A's period is half of Star B's.

12. What is the restoring constant (torsional constant) for a disk of mass 3.0 kg and radius 0.20 m oscillating with a period of 2.0 s? (A) 7.87 Nㆍm, (B) 0.24 Nㆍm, (C) 0.59 Nㆍm, (D) 1.12 Nㆍm, (E) 3.56 N ㆍm.

13. A 1.2 kg croquet ball moving at t2.0 m/s is struck from bebind by the impulse force shown in Figure 7. What is the final velocity of the croquet ball? (A) 0.3 m s-1, (B) 10.3 m s-1, (C) 20.3 m s-1, (D) 30.3 m s-1, (E) 40.3 m s-1,

14. Given that the Earth's radius is 6400 km, the escape velocity at the Earth's surface is (A) 1.1 x 103ms-1, (B) 1.1 x 10*ms-1, (C) 2.2 x 104ms-1, (D) 1.1 X 105 m s-1, (E) 5.0 X 105 m s-1.